Electrochemical manufacturing of nanocarbons from carbon dioxide in molten alkali metal carbonate salts: roles of alkali metal cations

Ijije, Happiness V.

doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0125-2

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Gas product samples were collected using a tedler 1 L (SKC Ltd.) gas bag via a connection from the cathodic gas tube. The electrolyzer setup is a modified form of previously used setups . The schematic representation of experimental setup is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Al-Juboori

Sher

Khalid

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Due to the heavy reliance of people on the limited fossil fuel as energy resources, global warming has increased to severe levels due to huge CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To mitigate this situation, a green method is presented here for the conversion of CO2/H2O into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels via electrolysis in eutectic molten salts ((KCl-LiCl; 41:59 mol%), (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%), (KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%), (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%)) at the conditions of 1.5-2 V and 225-475 o C depending upon molten electrolyte used. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS techniques were employed to analyse the content of gaseous products. The electrolysis results in hydrocarbon production with maximum 59.30, 87.70 and 99% faraday efficiency in case of molten chloride, molten hydroxide and molten carbonate electrolytes under the temperature of 375, 275 and 425 o C 2 respectively. The Gas chromatography (GC) with FID and TCD detectors and GC-MS analysis confirmed that the H2 and CH4 were the main products in case of molten chlorides and hydroxides at 2 V applied voltage while longer hydrocarbons (>C1) were obtained only in molten carbonates at 1.5 V. Through this manner, electricity is transformed into chemical energy. The heating values obtained from the produced hydrocarbon fuels are satisfactory for further application. The practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for sustainable hydrocarbon fuel formation with more product concentrations due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate without the use of catalyst.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Al-Juboori

Sher

Khalid

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Benefitting from enhanced reaction kinetics in elevated temperatures, nonprecious electrodes, i.e., nickel cathode and SnO 2 /Ni anodes were demonstrated to be adequate to sustain high‐rate electrochemical transformation of CO 2 in molten carbonates. This method is also proven to be a controllable preparation of carbon materials such as carbon nanofibers (CNF), honeycomb‐like and nanotubular carbon, graphene, and carbon particles . Due to high conductivity, less undesired impurities and tunable microstructure/surface chemistry, the electrolytic carbon derived from CO 2 shows intriguing functionality and broad‐based application .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flue‐Gas‐Derived Sulfur‐Doped Carbon with Enhanced Capacitance

Chen

Deng

et al. 2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Sulfur dioxide, generally coincident in CO2 sources, is a major air pollutant and causes inconvenient poisoning effects of catalysts in state‐of‐the‐art carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy of directly capturing and in situ transforming flue gas into nanostructured sulfur‐doped carbon by molten salt electrolysis. The hazardous SO2 is fully captured and sulfur is utilized simultaneously. The obtained S‐doped carbon has ultrahigh surface‐area‐normalized capacitance of 71.5 µF cm−2, high gravimetric capacitance of 257.3 F g−1, excellent cycling stability, and good high‐rate capability. The process is realized in molten Li2CO3–Na2CO3–K2CO3–Li2SO4 at 475 °C armed with a nickel cathode and a SnO2 inert anode. This continuous‐operation process integrates carbon reduction, deep desulfurization, promising potential massive preparation of advanced carbon materials from practical waste gas without purification.

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“…Ren et al 19 adopted a thermodynamic perspective to investigate the electrolytic energy of the electrochemical transformation of CO2 in carbonate melts. Ijije et al 20 studied the influence of the identity of alkali metal ions on the electrodeposition of carbon during CO2 electrolysis in molten carbonates. Deng et al 21 studied the effect that the electrolyte composition had on the electrochemical reduction of CO2.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, when the electrodeposition of carbon takes place in molten carbonates, the corresponding metal oxides MxO form at the cathode. 20,31 In turn, the solubility of these metal oxides in the melt will affect the kinetics of the electrolysis process, especially with respect to CO2 capture.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Mechanism of the Carbon Synthesis via Carbonate Ion Electroreduction in Molten Li2CO3–K2CO3 Mixture

2022

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As a way to explore methods to capture and transform CO2 into useful carbon materials, the electrochemical mechanism of carbonate ion reduction in molten Li2CO3-K2CO3 eutectic mixtures is studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and chronocoulometry.Evidence indicates CO3 2− to undergo reduction to produce solid carbon before the alkali metal ions Li + and K + . The electrode reactions consist of a diffusion-controlled, totally irreversible process comprising a one-step electron transfer. Notably, the described electrochemical process produces carbon sheets, submicron carbon tubes, or submicron carbon particles, depending on the applied cathodic overpotential. When O 2− ions are released as part of the electrochemical reduction of CO3 2− , some of these ions immediately combine with Li + to form insoluble Li2O, which are disadvantageous processes from the standpoint of CO2 capture in the cathodic region.Results suggest thus that a type of molten salt electrolyte in which alkali metal oxides are highly soluble should be employed for effective molten salt CO2 capture and electrochemical transformation.

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Electrochemical manufacturing of nanocarbons from carbon dioxide in molten alkali metal carbonate salts: roles of alkali metal cations

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Flue‐Gas‐Derived Sulfur‐Doped Carbon with Enhanced Capacitance

Electrochemical Mechanism of the Carbon Synthesis via Carbonate Ion Electroreduction in Molten Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Mixture

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Electrochemical manufacturing of nanocarbons from carbon dioxide in molten alkali metal carbonate salts: roles of alkali metal cations

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO2 Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO2 Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Flue‐Gas‐Derived Sulfur‐Doped Carbon with Enhanced Capacitance

Electrochemical Mechanism of the Carbon Synthesis via Carbonate Ion Electroreduction in Molten Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>–K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Mixture

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Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts