“…And finally, our group developed an electrochemical genosensor based on magnetic particles modified with thiolated capture probes (see Fig. 4c ), which detects viral RNA sandwiched with biotinylated signal probes modified with enzyme complexes, achieving a LOD of 807 fM, and high specificity to discriminate SARS-CoV, MERS, and HKU1 homologous viruses [ 23 ]. These examples demonstrate the great advantages of applying electrochemical biosensors to biomarkers of different molecular levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection as a diagnostic component in personalized COVID-19 medicine.…”
Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 4 Multilevel detection of SARS-CoV-2 with ( a ) electrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic beads and the spike-ACE2 complex [ 22 ], ( b ) first peptide-based impedimetric biosensor [ 21 ] for protein S detection, and ( c ) electrochemical genosensor based on magnetic beads for RNA detection [ 23 ]. Reproduced with permission.…”
Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, we introduce general aspects of SARS-CoV-2, including the structure, infection mechanism [ 19 , 20 ], and signature of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease. Then, we review electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection [ 21 – 23 ], prognosis, and prediction, to end with some concluding remarks and perspectives toward a new paradigm of personalized medicine.…”
As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine.
Graphical abstract
“…And finally, our group developed an electrochemical genosensor based on magnetic particles modified with thiolated capture probes (see Fig. 4c ), which detects viral RNA sandwiched with biotinylated signal probes modified with enzyme complexes, achieving a LOD of 807 fM, and high specificity to discriminate SARS-CoV, MERS, and HKU1 homologous viruses [ 23 ]. These examples demonstrate the great advantages of applying electrochemical biosensors to biomarkers of different molecular levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection as a diagnostic component in personalized COVID-19 medicine.…”
Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 4 Multilevel detection of SARS-CoV-2 with ( a ) electrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic beads and the spike-ACE2 complex [ 22 ], ( b ) first peptide-based impedimetric biosensor [ 21 ] for protein S detection, and ( c ) electrochemical genosensor based on magnetic beads for RNA detection [ 23 ]. Reproduced with permission.…”
Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, we introduce general aspects of SARS-CoV-2, including the structure, infection mechanism [ 19 , 20 ], and signature of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease. Then, we review electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection [ 21 – 23 ], prognosis, and prediction, to end with some concluding remarks and perspectives toward a new paradigm of personalized medicine.…”
As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine.
Graphical abstract
“…Although many sensors are available to monitor SARS-COV-2, false-positive results from its homologous viruses cannot be ruled out. Cajigas et al (2022) reported an electrochemical biosensor that can specifically detect SARS-COV-2 and distinguish the homologous viruses of SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Human Coronavirus (HKU1) (Figure 1E). Biosensors with immobilized capture probes were combined with modified magnetic beads (MMBS), while the capture probes were first hybridized with the targets and then hybridized with biotinylated signal probes in a sandwich format.…”
Section: Specific Detection Of Sars-cov-2 Nucleic Acidmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Heo et al, 2022). (E) Schematic diagram of an electrochemical gene sensor for detecting SARS-COV-2 (Cajigas et al, 2022). (F) Diagram of the preparation steps of the sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 S protein.…”
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is still a major public health concern in many nations today. COVID-19 transmission is now controlled mostly through early discovery, isolation, and therapy. Because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the contributing factor to COVID-19, establishing timely, sensitive, accurate, simple, and budget detection technologies for the SARS-CoV-2 is urgent for epidemic prevention. Recently, several electrochemical DNA biosensors have been developed for the rapid monitoring and detection of SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review examines the latest improvements in the detection of SARS-COV-2 utilizing electrochemical DNA biosensors. Meanwhile, this mini-review summarizes the problems faced by the existing assays and puts an outlook on future trends in the development of new assays for SARS-CoV-2, to provide researchers with a borrowing role in the generation of different assays.
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