Electrochemical Generation of Individual O2 Nanobubbles via H2O2 Oxidation

Ren, Haixia; German, Sean R.; Edwards, Martin A.; Chen, Qianjin; White, Henry S.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00882

Cited by 84 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, the authors were able to observe the formation, growth, coalescence and eventual release of merged NBs from the HOPG substrate [143]. Electrochemical generation of individual H 2 , N 2 , and O 2 NBs have been reported as well in the literature [144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151]. In [148].…”

Section: Formation Of Nanobubblesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Theodorakis

Che

2019

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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Surface nanobubbles (NBs) are stable gaseous phases in liquids that form at the interface with solid substrates. They have been particularly intriguing for their high stability that contradicts theoretical expectations and their potential relevance for many technological applications. Here, we present the current state of the art in this research area by discussing and contrasting main results obtained from theory, simulation and experiment, and presenting their limitations.We also provide future perspectives anticipating that this review will stimulate further studies in the research area of surface NBs.The subsequent sections of this review article are organised as follows: In Sec. 2, we present a range of different theoretical, simulation and experimental methodologies, which are used to study surface NBs discussing their limitations and contrasting main results. In Sec. 3, we discuss the main morphological and mechanical characteristics of surface NBs. In Sec. 4, we provide a review of the main experimental methods to generate surface NBs. In Sec. 5, we discuss the main hypothesis that supports the intriguing high NBs' stability, i.e. contactline pinning. Finally, we present our perspectives in the research area of surface NBs in Sec. 6.

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Section: Formation Of Nanobubblesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Theodorakis

Che

2019

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The generation of a single nanobubble at a Pt nanoelectrode can be observed in cyclic voltammetric measurements, as reported in previous work. 20 , 21 Figure 2 shows the cyclic voltammogram of a 6-nm-radius electrode in an aqueous solution of 1 M H 2 O 2 and 1 M HClO 4 .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 21 The electrode apparent radius a is also affected during the application of the conditioning cycles (section 1 in the Supporting Information ); consequently, i nb p may be affected. 21 , 22 , 27 Figure 3 shows several cyclic voltammograms recorded at the same electrode, displaying a different i nb p in every cycle. However, by reducing the scan range or applying a “conditioning cycle”, a reproducible electrode surface and a constant apparent radius, and therefore a consistent i nb p , can be achieved.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nucleation Rate of Single O₂ Nanobubbles at Pt Nanoelectrodes

et al. 2018

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Nanobubble nucleation is a problem that affects efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions since those bubbles can block the surface of the catalytic sites. In this article, we focus on the nucleation rate of O2 nanobubbles resulting from the electrooxidation of H2O2 at Pt disk nanoelectrodes. Bubbles form almost instantaneously when a critical peak current, inbp, is applied, but for lower currents, bubble nucleation is a stochastic process in which the nucleation (induction) time, tind, dramatically decreases as the applied current approaches inbp, a consequence of the local supersaturation level, ζ, increasing at high currents. Here, by applying different currents below inbp, nanobubbles take some time to nucleate and block the surface of the Pt electrode at which the reaction occurs, providing a means to measure the stochastic tind. We study in detail the different conditions in which nanobubbles appear, concluding that the electrode surface needs to be preconditioned to achieve reproducible results. We also measure the activation energy for bubble nucleation, Ea, which varies in the range from (6 to 30)kT, and assuming a spherically cap-shaped nanobubble nucleus, we determine the footprint diameter L = 8–15 nm, the contact angle to the electrode surface θ = 135–155°, and the number of O2 molecules contained in the nucleus (50 to 900 molecules).

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“…But this method is not sensitive enough for observing the nanobubble formation at its early‐stage. Recently, electrochemistry , transmission electron microscope and fluorescence microscopy have also been used for nanobubble studies. Among these methods, the electrochemistry method utilizes the confined electroactive surface of the nanoelectrode to directly produce and characterize nanobubbles .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring nanobubble nucleation at early‐stage within a sub‐9 nm solid‐state nanopore

Ying

et al. 2019

Electrophoresis

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Monitoring nanobubble nucleation at early-stage within a sub-9 nm solid-state nanopore Nanobubble nucleation study is important for understanding the dynamic behavior of nanobubble growth, which is instructive for the nanobubble applications. Benefiting from nanopore fabrication, herein, we fabricated a sub-9 nm SiN X nanopore with the comparable size to nanobubbles at early-stage. The confined nanopore interface serves as a generator for producing nanobubbles by the chemical reaction between NaBH 4 and H 2 O and as an ultra-sensitive sensor for monitoring the H 2 nanobubble nucleation process. By carrying out the NaBH 4 concentration-dependent experiments, we found the life-time of nanobubbles decreased 250 times and the frequency of nanobubble generation increased 38 times with the NaBH 4 concentration increasing from 6 to 100 mM. The long-time equilibrium between gas molecules inward flux and outward flux could prolong the life-time of nanobubbles to hundreds of milliseconds at low NaBH 4 concentration. The raw current trace depicted that the transient accumulation and dissolution of cavity occurred during all the life-time of nanobubbles. Therefore, the sub-9 nm SiN X nanopore shows a strong ability for real-time monitoring the nanobubble nucleation at early-stage with high temporal and spatial resolution. This work provides a guide to study the dynamic and stochastic characteristics of nanobubbles.

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Electrochemical Generation of Individual O₂ Nanobubbles via H₂O₂ Oxidation

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

The Nucleation Rate of Single O₂ Nanobubbles at Pt Nanoelectrodes

Monitoring nanobubble nucleation at early‐stage within a sub‐9 nm solid‐state nanopore

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Electrochemical Generation of Individual O2 Nanobubbles via H2O2 Oxidation

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

Surface nanobubbles: Theory, simulation, and experiment. A review

The Nucleation Rate of Single O2 Nanobubbles at Pt Nanoelectrodes

Monitoring nanobubble nucleation at early‐stage within a sub‐9 nm solid‐state nanopore

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electrochemical Generation of Individual O₂ Nanobubbles via H₂O₂ Oxidation

The Nucleation Rate of Single O₂ Nanobubbles at Pt Nanoelectrodes