Electrochemical Extraction of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Ions Assisted by 1,4,7,10-Tetrathiacyclododecane

Biphasic Electrospray Ionization for the Study of Interfacial Complexes

“…33 For this reason, they are commonly used to extract heavy metals, for instance. 5,15,23 The complexation process depends on several parameters, but one of the most important is the size of the ring. HTCO is a thioether crown and has been widely employed.…”

“…[46][47][48] Ion transfer processes across the interface to the organic phase of the ionic species present in the aqueous phase (e.g., Pb 2+ , FF + ) have also to be taken into account: the latter not only because a significant voltage drop that has to be applied in order to obtain a stable electrospray, but also because the presence of an ionophore in the organic phase usually facilitates the ion transfer processes across the interface via complex formation, as has been shown previously in numerous studies. [5][6][7] Finally, after the desolvation processes inherent to the electrospray ionization process, that are still not very clear under these conditions, the products are posteriorly analyzed by MS. As expected, this type of pathway would enhance the reaction of compounds with a high affinity for the interface, such as phospholipids or porphyrins.…”

“…The Taylor cone is the locus of very large surface tension gradients resulting in a recirculating Marangoni flow generating a very active mixing in the solution. 3,4 Biphasic liquid systems have found many applications ranging from the classical solvent extraction [5][6][7] to the study of heterogeneous reactions. Biphasic liquid systems have also been proposed to mimic biological interfaces.…”

“…14 Assisted ion transfer reactions are an important class of charge transfer reactions where ligands or ionophores in the organic phase can interfacially complex aqueous ions to extract them to the organic phase. 5,6,15,16 The electrochemical methodology can be used to determine the stoichiometry of the organic complexes, as well as their lipophilicity. [17][18][19] To gain more information on the interfacial reaction mechanisms, different spectroscopic techniques such as voltabsorptometry or voltfluorimetry have been developed.…”

Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces: methodology and potential applications

“…8 shows how the potassium ion transfer facilitated by studied not only from an analytical point of view but also for electrorefining applications. Some examples of selective extraction of metal:ligand systems at large interfaces include Pb(II) and Cu(II):1,4,7,10-tetra-thiacyclododecane (TTCD) [100,101], Cu(II):N,N%-bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)-phenyl]propane-1,3-diamine [102] Cu(II):6,7-dimethyl-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline [103], Cd(II):1,4,7-trithiacyclononane [104], Cd(II):bipyridine [105], Ni(II):1,10 phenanthroline [106] and Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II):2,2%;6%2%%-terpyrindine [107]. Based on the methodology of assisted ion transfer reactions and UV excimer photoablation techniques, we have recently developed a new type of supported liquid membranes comprising two micro-machined thin polymer films featuring an array of micro-interfaces [108].…”