Electrochemical Determination of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua L Herbal Tea Preparation and Optimization of Tea Making Approach

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Sometimes inhabitants in remote areas have inadequate or no access to modern medicines or medical services. They can get benefit in term of the treatment against malaria by cultivating selected breeding of A. annua and making teas or decoctions from the plant materials following the proper way of tea preparation. In order to have the maximum extraction efficiency for artemisinin, different ways of tea preparations of A. annua were investigated by applying the developed DPP method and described in this article. Tea was prepared by three different ways (cooking, without cooking with/without shaking and microwave oven) with different times. From the results, it has been found that higher concentration of artemisinin (84.7%) can be attained by following the approach for tea preparation without cooking with shaking for 15 minutes (R.S.D. 2.34%). The concentration of artemisinin decreases with cooking more than 1.5 min in microwave oven. The utmost extraction (88.9% of artemisinin) is possible to extract by shaking with boiled 5% ethanol in distilled water (R.S.D. 2.28%).

The complexity of medicinal plants: The traditional Artemisia annua formulation, current status and future perspectives

“…They did not find evidence to show other components increased the solubility of artemisinin, but rather that they may be decreasing the solubility (Van der Kooy and Verpoorte, 2011). Debnath et al (2011) optimised a method with boiling water and obtained an extraction efficiency of around 84%, which is close to the results obtained by Van der Kooy and Verpoorte (2011). They also determined there to be a negligible difference between the extraction efficiency of distilled and tap water.…”

“…Weathers and Towler (2012) confirmed this period of stability, noting that at room temperature artemisinin hardly degrades when present in the tea infusion. All of the abovementioned studies used deionised water, except for Debnath et al (2011), and do not shed any light on the possible chemical reactions that can take place when "normal" water is used. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted on the possible chemical reactions that can take place or the extraction efficiency of urine, as this was the common extraction solvent in ancient times.…”

Research progress in electroanalytical techniques for determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

“…Though the report presented a new understanding for the antimalarial mechanism, it did not explore quantitative analysis of ARN. 96 The tea prepared without cooking but shaking for 15 minutes gave high concentration of ARN. The method was simple, sensitive, precise and was successfully used to quantify ARN in a traditional Chinese herbal drug Artemisia annua L. 93 However, the method used DME which has several limitations such as variation in the surface area of mercury (Hg) drop, higher charging current and high consumption of Hg.…”

“…94,95 A DPP method was further proposed to determine the amount of ARN in herbal tea preparation of Artemisia annua. 96 The tea prepared without cooking but shaking for 15 minutes gave high concentration of ARN. No interference was observed in the tea extract to estimate the drug.…”

Electrochemical reduction of artemisinin: Chromatographic identification of bulk electrolysis products

“…The methods developed for the determination of ART include high performance or ultraperformance liquid chromatography [11], molecularly imprinted electrodes [12], polymerized molecularly imprinted membranes [13] among others. ART contains an electrochemically active endo-peroxide group that can be selectively measured by using electroanalytical methods on various electrode surfaces [14]. The goal of the current work was to obtain a detailed electrochemical and chromatographic characterization of ART bulk electro-reduction products.…”