Electrochemical Biosensors for Determination of Colorectal Tumor Biomarkers

Abstract

The accurate determination of specific tumor markers associated with cancer with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures is the most promising approach to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients and fight against the high incidence and mortality of this disease. Quantification of biomarkers at different stages of the disease can lead to an appropriate and instantaneous therapeutic action. In this context, the determination of biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors is at the forefront of cancer diagnosis research because of their unique features such as their versatility, fast response, accurate quantification, and amenability for multiplexing and miniaturization. In this review, after briefly discussing the relevant aspects and current challenges in the determination of colorectal tumor markers, it will critically summarize the development of electrochemical biosensors to date to this aim, highlighting the enormous potential of these devices to be incorporated into the clinical practice. Finally, it will focus on the remaining challenges and opportunities to bring electrochemical biosensors to the point-of-care testing.

Magnetic Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Small Extracellular Vesicles Quantification: Application to Colorectal Cancer Biomarker Detection

“…Thus, their detection would not require invasive techniques and could be considered as a liquid biopsy since they can be isolated from a variety of body fluids (blood, urine and saliva). The development of suitable Point-of-care (POC) devices for the early diagnosis of CRC would be highly advantageous, although the literature on this specific field is still scarce [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine

“…The sensor generates a physicochemical signal that is converted into a measurable and quantifiable signal [176], which is sent to a processing system for amplification and analysis [177,183]. Biological receptors are recognition elements that can be enzymes, proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, cells, tissues, or receptor molecules [184]. These molecules are responsible for giving specificity to the biosensor and must be in direct contact with the transducer [179,185].…”

COVID-19 diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein detection in saliva using an ultrasensitive magneto-assay based on disposable electrochemical sensor

“…These improvements in the functional properties of the detection devices allow for substantial gains in the diagnosis of bacterial or viral infections. In particular, nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, can be applied as electrochemical markers with a view toward improving the sensitivity of the analytical method and for the indirect detection of various biomolecules [23] , including DNA and RNA [24] , [25] , antibodies [26] , [27] , and proteins [28] , [29] .…”