Electrocardiographic observations on the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus

HNK‐1 in Morphological Study of Development of the Cardiac Conduction System in Selected Groups of Sauropsida

“…Although some ECG recordings were performed in Sauropsida in general (Kaplan and Schwartz, 1963;McDonald and Heath, 1971;Blanco, 1993;Heaton-Jones and King, 1994;Anderson et al, 1999;Espino et al, 2001;Martinez-Silvestre et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2013), the information available is restricted to a few species and there are almost no comparative studies among Squamate reptiles (Mullen, 1967;Bogan Jr., 2017) to fully understand the electrophysiological function of the heart in these terrestrial ectotherms. However, with respect to ECG methodology (Einthoven, 1903), there are also some limitations of this approach for poikilotherms and ectotherms.…”

HNK‐1 in Morphological Study of Development of the Cardiac Conduction System in Selected Groups of Sauropsida

“…Although some ECG recordings were performed in Sauropsida in general (Kaplan and Schwartz, 1963;McDonald and Heath, 1971;Blanco, 1993;Heaton-Jones and King, 1994;Anderson et al, 1999;Espino et al, 2001;Martinez-Silvestre et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2013), the information available is restricted to a few species and there are almost no comparative studies among Squamate reptiles (Mullen, 1967;Bogan Jr., 2017) to fully understand the electrophysiological function of the heart in these terrestrial ectotherms. However, with respect to ECG methodology (Einthoven, 1903), there are also some limitations of this approach for poikilotherms and ectotherms.…”

Catecholamines are key modulators of ventricular repolarization patterns in the ball python (Python regius)

“…1 ). Anecdotal observations on a few species of reptiles, however, show that the T-wave is transiently positive when body temperature changes ( McDonald and Heath, 1971 ; Mullen, 1967 ; Valentinuzzi et al, 1969 ; Zaar et al, 2004 ). In ectotherms, the change in metabolism when body temperature changes is associated with altered autonomic tone on the heart and vasculature ( Galli et al, 2004 ; Seebacher and Franklin, 2001 ).…”

HNK‐1 in Morphological Study of Development of the Cardiac Conduction System in Selected Groups of Sauropsida

“…Although some ECG recordings were performed in Sauropsida in general (Kaplan and Schwartz, 1963;McDonald and Heath, 1971;Blanco, 1993;Heaton-Jones and King, 1994;Anderson et al, 1999;Espino et al, 2001;Martinez-Silvestre et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2013), the information available is restricted to a few species and there are almost no comparative studies among Squamate reptiles (Mullen, 1967;Bogan Jr., 2017) to fully understand the electrophysiological function of the heart in these terrestrial ectotherms. However, with respect to ECG methodology (Einthoven, 1903), there are also some limitations of this approach for poikilotherms and ectotherms.…”

Catecholamines are key modulators of ventricular repolarization patterns in the ball python (Python regius)

“…1 ). Anecdotal observations on a few species of reptiles, however, show that the T-wave is transiently positive when body temperature changes ( McDonald and Heath, 1971 ; Mullen, 1967 ; Valentinuzzi et al, 1969 ; Zaar et al, 2004 ). In ectotherms, the change in metabolism when body temperature changes is associated with altered autonomic tone on the heart and vasculature ( Galli et al, 2004 ; Seebacher and Franklin, 2001 ).…”

HNK‐1 in Morphological Study of Development of the Cardiac Conduction System in Selected Groups of Sauropsida

“…Although some ECG recordings were performed in Sauropsida in general (Kaplan and Schwartz, 1963;McDonald and Heath, 1971;Blanco, 1993;Heaton-Jones and King, 1994;Anderson et al, 1999;Espino et al, 2001;Martinez-Silvestre et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2013), the information available is restricted to a few species and there are almost no comparative studies among Squamate reptiles (Mullen, 1967;Bogan Jr., 2017) to fully understand the electrophysiological function of the heart in these terrestrial ectotherms. However, with respect to ECG methodology (Einthoven, 1903), there are also some limitations of this approach for poikilotherms and ectotherms.…”

Catecholamines are key modulators of ventricular repolarization patterns in the ball python (Python regius)

“…1 ). Anecdotal observations on a few species of reptiles, however, show that the T-wave is transiently positive when body temperature changes ( McDonald and Heath, 1971 ; Mullen, 1967 ; Valentinuzzi et al, 1969 ; Zaar et al, 2004 ). In ectotherms, the change in metabolism when body temperature changes is associated with altered autonomic tone on the heart and vasculature ( Galli et al, 2004 ; Seebacher and Franklin, 2001 ).…”