Electro-coagulation coupled electro-flotation process: Feasible choice in doxycycline removal from pharmaceutical effluents

Abstract

Electrochemical treatment involving a coupled coagulation and floatation was performed in the removal of Doxycycline Hyclate (DCH) from aqueous solutions. All the experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor of 1.5 L which contained aluminium electrodes as cathode and anode. The removal of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) species by EC/EF was determined as a function of electrolysis time, pH, current intensity, flow rate and DCH concentration. From the observed results, it was corroborated that the DCH removal through the EC/EF process was excellent. The effective contribution from initial pH (7.03) and current intensity (5.39 mA cm -2 ) was very much remarkable and well apparent from flocs of good buoyancy. The removal of DCH was inversely proportional to spacing between electrodes (SBE) and circulating flow rate in the presence of the supporting NaCl electrolyte of 1 g L -1 . It was also highly promoted by the addition of NaCl in comparison to NaNO 3 and KCl to the electrolytic system. The compliance of four kinetic models was verified with DCH removal system. The free energy values from DKR model suggested the nature of bonding by chemical forces. Characterization by FTIR, SEM and XRD interpreted the assignments of various functional groups, surface morphology and crystalline incorporated amorphous nature, respectively of electro -generated flocs. The current efficiency and specific electrical energy consumption at optimized conditions of the EC/EF system were calculated.

Utilization of Waste Aluminium Foil as a Sacrificial Electrode for the Treatment of Wastewater

“…The linear form of the above equation is (17) Similarly, the pseudo second-order kinetic equation can be written as (18) Where k 2 is the equilibrium rate constant. The linear form of this Eq.…”

“…In EC metallic hydroxide, flocs are generated within the wastewater by the dissolution of sacrificial anode for treatment [14].Many works have been reported for the removal of heavy metals [15],Oils [16], Phenolic compounds [17] and other contaminants from pharmaceutical effluents [18], Dairy Processing and Slaughterhouse effluent [19],Tannery wastewater [20],Pulp and Paper industry effluent [20,21], Printing Industry effluent [22] and Textile wastewater [23,24] using electro coagulation.…”

Removal of anionic dyes utilizing Box-Behnken design and cloud point extraction coupled with derivative spectrophotometry

“…When the temperature exceeds the critical micelle temperature (CPT), surfactant molecules form micelles and arrange their hydrocarbon tails inward, creating a nonpolar hydrophobic core. The technique has been utilized for the removal and measurement of metallic elements and dyes [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] prediction of pharmaceutical drugs 40,41 in food, and analysis of organic chemicals 42 .…”

Orange peel-derived Cu2O/RGO nanocomposite: Mesoporous binary system for degradation of doxycycline in water

“…The presence of DC in water bodies causes an imbalance in the aquatic life and ultimately enters the food chain thereby increasing the risk factor (Pan & Chu, 2017 ). Several conventional water treatment methods like osmosis (Samsami et al, 2022 ), coagulation (Zaidi et al, 2019 ), adsorption (Abdulsahib et al, 2020 ), etc. , are being utilized extensively for the removal of DC from the contaminated water; however, these methods are not capable to completely remove such polar, water soluble, and non-biodegradable pharmaceutical pollutants from the wastewater (Martinez, 2009 ) as well as often leads to secondary pollutant which will require additional treatment thus rendering the purification process non-economical.…”