Electrified Airplanes: A Path to Zero-Emission Air Travel

Ansell, Phillip J.; Haran, Kiruba S.

doi:10.1109/mele.2020.2985482

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Aviation GHG, itself, was responsible for about 2.4% of all GHG emissions in the United States in 2018 [2]. This situation becomes worse when one considers the historical 4-5% annual growth in air travel [3]. Compared with conventional aircraft, more electric aircraft (MEA) result in less dependency on carbon-based fuels, less carbon and NOx emissions, higher efficiency, more reliability, and reduced noise, which could end night flight bans in many airports [4].…”

Section: Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An obvious advantage of distributed propulsion is to allow for smaller motors (1 to 2 MW [9]) to be developed for electric propulsion in the next few years rather than high power motors that will not be feasible for years and possibly decades for large aircraft (narrow body and wide body commercial aircraft). In addition, DPS brings about higher efficiency and safety, cost reduction, and decreased noise [3], [25], but also leads to complexity in PE systems, central control units, and fault management [26]. In other words, DPS ends the era of large diameter fans and, at the same time, adds to the complexity of aircraft EPS as a direct consequence of integration complication.…”

Section: B Distributed Propulsion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electric machines, both as generators and motors, are of great significance in MEA/AEA and are needed in a wide range of applications, e.g., propulsion system, ECS, etc. Furthermore, in the trend towards commercial AEA, electric motors play a major role; noise emission of electric motors is far less than that of compressors and turbine components [3]. To select electric machines for given tasks, they are compared by their efficiency, reliability, fault tolerance, etc.…”

Section: Electric Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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Narrow body and wide body aircraft are responsible for more than 75% of aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and aviation, itself, was responsible for about 2.5% of all GHG emissions in the United States in 2018. This situation becomes worse when considering a 4-5% annual growth in air travel. Electrified aircraft is clearly a promising solution to combat the GHG challenge; thus, the trend is to eliminate all but electrical forms of energy in aircraft power distribution systems. However, electrification adds tremendously to the complexity of aircraft electric power systems (EPS), which is dramatically changing in our journey from conventional aircraft to more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA). In this paper, we provide an in-depth discussion on MEA/AEA EPS: electric propulsion, distributed propulsion systems (DPS), EPS voltage levels, power supplies, and EPS architectures are discussed. Publications on power flow (PF) analysis and management of EPS are reviewed, and an initial schematic of a potential aircraft EPS with electric propulsion is proposed. In this regard, we also briefly review the components required for MEA/AEA EPS, including power electronics (PE) converters, electric machines, electrochemical energy units, circuit breakers (CBs), and wiring harness. A comprehensive review of each of the components mentioned above or other topics except for those related to steady state power flow in MEA/AEA EPS is out of this paper's scope and should be found somewhere else. At the close of the paper, some challenges in the path towards AEA are presented. Unless the discussed challenges are satisfactorily addressed and solved, arriving at an AEA that can properly operate over commercial missions will not be possible. INDEX TERMS aircraft electrification, all electric aircraft (AEA), electric power system (EPS), more electric aircraft (MEA), power distribution system, steady state power flow analysis.

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Section: Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Distributed Propulsion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electric Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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“…Development of the electric propulsion systems for future electric aircrafts is one of the most important challenges in aviation science. Currently, advanced propulsion systems for future electric aircraft are being developed around the world [1][2][3]. Moving away from fossil fuels and transition to clean hydrogen energy involves the use of electric machines to produce thrust in future aircraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fully superconducting 5 MW aviation generator with liquid hydrogen cooling

Dezhin

Ilyasov

2022

Eureka: PE

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The use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel will be inevitable in the aviation of the future. This statement means that manufacturers will also implement liquid hydrogen for cooling all superconducting aviation equipment of an electric propulsion system. The development of fully electric aircraft is the most promising solution in this case. Scientists from the Department of electrical machines and power electronics of Moscow aviation institute have conducted calculations and theoretical researches of critical specific mass-dimensional parameters (MW/ton and MW/m3 at 21 K) of fully superconducting aviation synchronous generator of the electric propulsion system. The results are in this article. The article discusses the results 3D finite element modeling (FEM) simulation of a 5 MW fully superconducting synchronous generator with combined excitation. Superconducting armature and axial excitation windings based on second generation high temperature superconductors (HTS-2G) are located on the stator, which makes it possible to contactlessness and the absence of sliding seals. A dry gap will reduce gas-dynamic losses and increase the nominal peripheral speed of the rotor. The use of liquid hydrogen as a coolant makes it possible to significantly increase the linear load of the generator, and high current densities to reduce the cross-sectional area of the coils, which will make it possible to place them in individual cryostats in the future. Individual cryostats will allow to remove the heat release of magnetic losses from the cryogenic zone and reduce the consumption of refrigerant. For the purpose of internal redundancy of the HTS coils, the machine has a complete set of reserve winding made of ultrapure aluminum, also cooled by liquid hydrogen. If the superconducting coils get out of the stand, the generator will provide 15 % power on standby

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“…There is a major trend for electrification of various mobilities and infrastructure systems, such as automobiles [1], [2], public transports [3], [4], cooling, heating [5], [6], and so on. In addition, renewable energy resources are playing an important role in electric power systems [7]- [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Automatic Design Method for Electric Machines Based on Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Optimization

Satô

Fujita

2021

IEEE Access

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The design problems of electric machines are actually treated as a kind of mixed-integer problem, because the machine shapes are defined by some integer variables, such as number of slots, and the other variables, such as the tooth width, which are here called the fundamental and shape variables, respectively. To automatically solve these design problems, this article presents an automatic design method by combining the reinforcement learning and evolutionary optimization. In the proposed method, the decision process is modeled as a tree structure to seek for the fundamental variables, which are determined as a result of the tree search depending on the value functions of the nodes. Then, the shape variables are estimated from the function of the fundamental variables. These functions are constructed based on the design data, to generate which the reinforcement learning and evolutionary optimization are employed. As a result, the proposed method can automatically be adapted to unexperienced design problems through the data generation and function learning. The proposed method is applied to a design problem of a linear induction motor. It is shown that the machine designs with the prescribed performance for given specifications are automatically obtained. Moreover, it is also shown that the acceptable candidate designs can immediately be generated when the given specification is similar to the previously-solved problems by utilizing the design data generated by the past explorations.

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Electrified Airplanes: A Path to Zero-Emission Air Travel

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

Development of fully superconducting 5 MW aviation generator with liquid hydrogen cooling

A Data-Driven Automatic Design Method for Electric Machines Based on Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Optimization

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