Electrical pharyngeal stimulation increases substance P level in saliva

Abstract

Electrical pharyngeal stimulation is able to induce pharyngeal SP release in healthy subjects.

Pharyngolaryngeal Sensory Deficits in Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: Lateralization and Relation to Overall Dysphagia Severity

“…Thus, capsaicin and other pharmaceutical agents enhancing sensory input have been shown to improve swallowing safety in patients with dysphagia [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. On the same note, pharyngeal electri cal stimulation is supposed to promote rehabilitation of neurogenic dysphagia – at least in part – by restoring peripheral sensory feedback [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Increase of Substance P Concentration in Saliva after Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in Severely Dysphagic Stroke Patients – an Indicator of Decannulation Success?

“…In a previous study, our group has shown that in healthy individuals, PES induces a temporary increase of SP concentration in saliva, but not in serum, whereas no effects were noticed in the sham condition [26]. In the present study, we moved this topic into the clinical context and tried to find out whether PES treatment in dysphagic stroke patients is also associated with changes in salivary SP concentrations, and, in particular, whether a potential increase in SP concentration is associated with treatment success.…”

Increased levels of substance P in patients taking beta‐blockers are linked with a protective effect on oropharyngeal dysphagia

“…The two main compensatory strategies used in the treatment of OD are modification of food textures for solids and liquids and the main rehabilitative interventions are behavioral treatments with swallow postures, maneuvers, and exercises . In contrast, there are new treatments that stimulate the recovery of the swallowing function, such as neurostimulation or chemical stimulation strategies, but in general they are still under investigation . No other active treatment has demonstrated utility in OD.…”

“…Reduced levels of SP have been found in dysphagic patients after stroke, in patients with delayed swallowing reflexes and a higher risk of pneumonia, in patients with aspiration pneumonia, and in patients using dopamine antagonists . In addition, it has been reported that some OD therapies, such as intrapharyngeal electrical stimulation, increase SP levels . The administration of capsaicin has been shown to be effective in reducing the onset time (latency) of the swallowing reflex in older patients with dysphagia, which is postulated to be due to the increase in SP .…”