Electrical Market Management Considering Power System Constraints in Smart Distribution Grids

Abstract

Rising demand, climate change, growing fuel costs, outdated power system infrastructures, and new power generation technologies have made renewable distribution generators very attractive in recent years. Because of the increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources in addition to the growth of new electrical demand sectors, such as electrical vehicles, the power system may face serious problems and challenges in the near future. A revolutionary new power grid system, called smart grid, has been developed as a solution to these problems. The smart grid, equipped with modern communication and computation infrastructures, can coordinate different parts of the power system to enhance energy efficiency, reliability, and quality, while decreasing the energy cost. Since conventional distribution networks lack smart infrastructures, much research has been recently done in the distribution part of the smart grid, called smart distribution grid (SDG). This paper surveys contemporary literature in SDG from the perspective of the electricity market in addition to power system considerations. For this purpose, this paper reviews current demand side management methods, supply side management methods, and electrical vehicle charging and discharging techniques in SDG and also discusses their drawbacks. We also present future research directions to tackle new and existing challenges in the SDG.

Electricity Markets for DC Distribution Systems: Design Options

“…Efficient market operation depends on system reliability [40]. The power prosumption of a community-level grid is highly stochastic and hardly predictable, leading to network congestion [37] and voltage deviations [41].…”

Smart Distribution Networks: A Review of Modern Distribution Concepts from a Planning Perspective

“…Divshali et al in [64] presented an overview of electrical market management and opportunities from the perspective of supply side management (SSM), DSM and EV. Major enabling technologies include ICT, ADA, DR, DSM, SG components and SMMT.…”

“…The aforementioned technologies can be employed to address and possibly prevent undesired conditions [8], notably voltage instability (sag and swell) conditions, resulting in grid instabilities (voltage, frequency, and angular stability), faults and loss of DERs synchronization. This attribute is particularly important from the viewpoint of empowering consumers with their participation in the decision-making process of SG operations through incentive-based DSM and DR programs, respectively [53,64].…”

Multi-Time Scale Control of Demand Flexibility in Smart Distribution Networks

“…Optimized EV charging control based on cost minimization [27][28][29][30][31] and risk assessment [32] is developed to simultaneously realize cost minimization and respect network constraints. In addition, distribution market based EV charging coordination is developed in [33][34][35][36][37] to enable EV participation in multiple electricity markets. However, those approaches lack capability to address any real-time operational uncertainties that may stem from errors in load forecast and EV plug-in/-out estimates.…”