Electrical Interfacing of Nerve Cells and Semiconductor Chips

Abstract

The electrical interfacing of individual nerve cells and silicon microstructures is considered, as well as the assembly of elementary hybrid systems made of neuronal networks and semiconductor microelectronics. Without electrochemical processes, coupling of the electron‐conducting semiconductor and the ion‐conducting neurons relies on a close contact of cell membrane and oxidised silicon with a high resistance of the junction and a high conductance of the attached membrane. Neuronal excitation can be elicited and recorded from the chip by capacitive contacts and by field‐effect transistors with an open gate. Integrated iono‐electronic system are obtained by the outgrowth of neuronal networks on the surface of the silicon chip, by implementing electrical circuits in the chip and by two‐way interfacing of the neuronal and the electronic components.

Noninvasive Measurement of Membrane Potential Modulation in Microorganisms: Photosynthesis in Green Algae

“…The charging of the chloroplast by positive ions (e.g., K þ or Mg 2þ ) decreases the potential of the cytosol to increase the current as expected from Figure 2a. A simple model is developed to relate the modulation of pH in the stroma, ΔpH to the cell membrane potential, and Δj due to the lightinduced proton flux (eqs (1) through (10) in SI). For potential in mV, the model suggests Δj ≈ 9ΔpH (eqs ( 9) and (10) in SI).…”

Noninvasive Measurement of Membrane Potential Modulation in Microorganisms: Photosynthesis in Green Algae

“…The charging of the chloroplast by positive ions (e.g., K þ or Mg 2þ ) decreases the potential of the cytosol to increase the current as expected from Figure 2a. A simple model is developed to relate the modulation of pH in the stroma, ΔpH to the cell membrane potential, and Δj due to the lightinduced proton flux (eqs (1) through (10) in SI). For potential in mV, the model suggests Δj ≈ 9ΔpH (eqs ( 9) and (10) in SI).…”

Extracellular recording of glycine receptor chloride channel activity as a prototype for biohybrid sensors

“…4). Such similarities were reported previously (Grattarola and Martinoia, 1993;Fromherz, 2002;Ingebrandt et al, 2005;Cohen et al, 2008). The first, negative peak of the derived patch-clamp data matched extracellularly recorded signals of shape 3 (Fig.…”

CMOS microelectrode array for extracellular stimulation and recording of electrogenic cells

“…The electrode is directly connected to the non-inverting input of the amplifier, the gate of a MOSFET, which has a high input impedance in CMOS technology. This is similar to other systems, which have successfully acquired signals from electrogenic cells [3,10]. Signals in the range of tens of microvolts can be measured since the equivalent input noise of the amplifier is below 10 µV RMS over the band 100Hz -100kHz.…”

Noninvasive Measurement of Membrane Potential Modulation in Microorganisms: Photosynthesis in Green Algae

“…The charging of the chloroplast by positive ions (e.g., K þ or Mg 2þ ) decreases the potential of the cytosol to increase the current as expected from Figure 2a. A simple model is developed to relate the modulation of pH in the stroma, ΔpH to the cell membrane potential, and Δj due to the lightinduced proton flux (eqs (1) through (10) in SI). For potential in mV, the model suggests Δj ≈ 9ΔpH (eqs ( 9) and (10) in SI).…”

Extracellular recording of glycine receptor chloride channel activity as a prototype for biohybrid sensors

“…4). Such similarities were reported previously (Grattarola and Martinoia, 1993;Fromherz, 2002;Ingebrandt et al, 2005;Cohen et al, 2008). The first, negative peak of the derived patch-clamp data matched extracellularly recorded signals of shape 3 (Fig.…”

CMOS microelectrode array for extracellular stimulation and recording of electrogenic cells

“…The electrode is directly connected to the non-inverting input of the amplifier, the gate of a MOSFET, which has a high input impedance in CMOS technology. This is similar to other systems, which have successfully acquired signals from electrogenic cells [3,10]. Signals in the range of tens of microvolts can be measured since the equivalent input noise of the amplifier is below 10 µV RMS over the band 100Hz -100kHz.…”

Noninvasive Measurement of Membrane Potential Modulation in Microorganisms: Photosynthesis in Green Algae

“…The charging of the chloroplast by positive ions (e.g., K þ or Mg 2þ ) decreases the potential of the cytosol to increase the current as expected from Figure 2a. A simple model is developed to relate the modulation of pH in the stroma, ΔpH to the cell membrane potential, and Δj due to the lightinduced proton flux (eqs (1) through (10) in SI). For potential in mV, the model suggests Δj ≈ 9ΔpH (eqs ( 9) and (10) in SI).…”

Extracellular recording of glycine receptor chloride channel activity as a prototype for biohybrid sensors

“…4). Such similarities were reported previously (Grattarola and Martinoia, 1993;Fromherz, 2002;Ingebrandt et al, 2005;Cohen et al, 2008). The first, negative peak of the derived patch-clamp data matched extracellularly recorded signals of shape 3 (Fig.…”

CMOS microelectrode array for extracellular stimulation and recording of electrogenic cells

“…The electrode is directly connected to the non-inverting input of the amplifier, the gate of a MOSFET, which has a high input impedance in CMOS technology. This is similar to other systems, which have successfully acquired signals from electrogenic cells [3,10]. Signals in the range of tens of microvolts can be measured since the equivalent input noise of the amplifier is below 10 µV RMS over the band 100Hz -100kHz.…”