Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation

The third generation wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials exhibit a prominent role in various applications such as adapters, uninterrupted power supplies, smart grids, and electric vehicles (EVs). They have the phenomenal properties such as high critical breakdown field, WBG, and high-saturated drift velocity as compared to the silicon (Si). This article throws a light on the classification and recent advancements of the GaN-based power devices along with their structural features. Moreover, it explores the critical issues that degrade the device performance and also various methods to improve their performance. The recently developed commercial GaN devices are enumerated with their figure of merits (FOMs) comparison with the Si and SiC devices. The outrageous features of GaN devices are well utilized for realizing the high power density and high efficiency power converters in case of EV applications. The updated survey of various GaN devices-based ac-dc, dc-dc, and dc-ac converters is presented along with their salient features. This article also emphasizes the approaches for resolving the power module issues such as parasitics, layout, and thermal design other than the power converters. This review is ultimately helpful for the design engineers to abridge the technical gaps arising due to the power electronics barriers.

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“…This article sorts out the most efficient ac-dc, dc-dc, and dc-ac converter topologies based on the abovementioned design parameters. 22,23…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in energy efficientGaNpower devices and power modules for electric vehicle applications: a review

Yadlapalli

Anuradha²,

Kandipati³

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…This is of course, at the cost of grid instability, as it can cause huge voltage drops and destabilize a grid. It has to operate alongside the ESSs to mitigate its debilitating effects [64].…”

Section: Fast Charging Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Power Management in OIC Countries: A Critical Overview using SWOT-AHP and Hybrid MCDM Analysis

Kabir¹,

Aurko²,

Rahman³

2021

Preprint

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A conventional electrical grid mostly depends on the electrical power generated from fossil fuels. However, the pollutants from fossil fuels are the key factors for adverse climate change. Most of the developed countries of the world have already recognized the fact that the energy mix requires to be diversified by incorporating renewable energy. This is especially relevant for many of the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), consisting of 57 countries, whose abundance of fossil fuel reserve indicates that much of their electric power is still generated from fossil fuels. In order to integrate renewable energy sources into the hybrid energy mix, an existing conventional grid needs to undergo drastic changes. Alongside this, the population boom in the OIC member countries has caused higher demand for a steady supply of electricity that the conventional grids have long been struggling to cope with. With a view to solving this multifaceted problem, incorporation of the smart power management schemes is indispensable using a smart electrical grid, where information and communications technology is integrated into its major building blocks. This allows advanced applications of a grid, such as the formation of micro-grids, demand-side management, energy storage, high-tech power electronic converters, etc. As the smart grids are being adopted by many developed countries, it is high time for the OIC member countries to pay due attention to this development, if they have not already done so. This paper explains, with special focus on the OIC member countries, the various smart power management technologies, their operations and applications, and the benefits and challenges. Then it goes on to carry out the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat with Analytical-Heuristic-Procedure (SWOT-AHP) analysis to evaluate its feasibility of incorporation and the underlying strategies appropriate for its implementation. Furthermore, a Hybrid Multi-Criteria-Decision-Making (MCDM) analysis is performed to evaluate the sequence of the emphasis that should be given on each of the technologies from those available for the smart power management initiative. Finally, the study reinforces the stance by drawing parallels from the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and highlights the importance of the smart grid in line with the global vision of SDG. This paper aims at assisting the decision-makers in implementing smart power management schemes in the OIC member countries, in particular, and other countries of the world, in general.

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“…The second topology consists of converting incoming AC power to a fixed DC output, which is then converted to the demanded voltage of the EV using a DC/DC converter. This topology contains an LCL filter, an AC/DC bidirectional converter, a DC filter, an isolated DC/DC bidirectional converter with a high frequency (HF) transformer and a DC link LC filter [5] as shown in Figure 1(b). Both methods are equally valid and have no prime advantage or disadvantage [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization and Electro-Thermal Modeling of an Off-Board Charging System for Electric Bus Applications

et al. 2021

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This paper proposes a co-design optimization procedure of a high-power off-board charger for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The primary purpose is to design a 175 kW SiC DC-charging system with high power density to achieve high efficiency at a wide operating range. For the active part of the DC offboard charger, a three-phase active front end (AFE) rectifier topology is considered in the design optimization and the modelling. The design methodology focuses on the optimal design of the passive filters, accurate electro-thermal modelling of the converter, inductor design, capacitor selection, loss and geometric modelling of the passive filters and control system design. The design optimization of the high-power charging system is performed in MATLAB Simulink using a closed-loop dynamic electro-thermal simulation of the off-board charger. The switching frequency, loss and temperature-dependent efficiency of the charger is investigated in parallel. Through this proposed technique, efficiency greater than 96% is achieved at a switching frequency of 40 kHz, along with a smaller size and lower weight of the system. Moreover, it operates with a current total harmonic distortion (THDi) below 3% and a power factor (PF) above 99% at rated power condition.INDEX TERMS co-design, thermal modelling, AFE rectifier, wide bandgap, SiC, passive filter, electric vehicles, fast DC charger

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Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation

Cited by 144 publications

References 84 publications

Advancements in energy efficientGaNpower devices and power modules for electric vehicle applications: a review

Advancements in energy efficientGaNpower devices and power modules for electric vehicle applications: a review

Smart Power Management in OIC Countries: A Critical Overview using SWOT-AHP and Hybrid MCDM Analysis

Design Optimization and Electro-Thermal Modeling of an Off-Board Charging System for Electric Bus Applications

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