Electric Modulus Analysis of Carbon Black/Copolymer Composite Materials

Abstract

We have investigated the electrical properties of carbon black (CB) loaded in ethylene butylacrylate copolymer composite (EBA) in the frequency range between 10<sup>2</sup> and 10<sup>4</sup> Hz and temperature range between 153 and 353 K. The frequency dependence of electrical data that have been analyzed in two frameworks: the electrical modulus formalism with the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential function (KWW) and the electrical conductivity by using the Jonscher’s power law in the frequency domain. The stretching exponent β<sub>KWW</sub> and n are found to be temperature independent for all CB fractions and to be decreased when the CB volume concentrations loaded in copolymer matrix increases. It is found that the activation energy obtained by the modulus method is in good agreement with that obtained by the DC conductivity in the power law which is independent on the CB contents that exist in the copolymer matrix, suggesting that these particles do not interact significantly with the chain segments of the macromolecules in the EBA copolymer

Impedance spectroscopy study of polyester/carbon nanotube composites

“…This behaviour is observed until an onset frequency, noted as F 0 = ω 0 /2π, at which the conductivity starts to increase with frequency. This kind of behaviour was previously reported for carbon black composites . The frequency region of constant conductivity extends to higher frequencies with increasing the concentration of CNT.…”

Electrical conductivity studies on carbon black loaded ethylene butylacrylate polymer composites

“…The electrical modulus and the complex impedance formalisms, for the analysis of the dielectric response of materials, have been reported by many authors [14,32,33]. Impedance analysis provides a simple method to determine various contributions to the total conductivity of materials in terms of four possible inter-related complex formulations: impedance (Z*), admittance (Y*), permittivity (ε*), and modulus (M*).…”

Preparation and characterization of carbon black/polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate antistatic fiber with sheath–core structure

“…Pressure rise measurement is an ordinary method to determine the filler dispersion within the polymer matrix. A stable pressure increase during the extrusion process is an indication that the filler material is well dispersed and the sieve is not clogged by particle aggregation (Al-Hartomy et al, 2011;Hasnaoui, Graca, Achour, & Costa, 2011;Zumbrunnen, 2000). After 25 min, the extruding pressure increased slightly to 7 (ΔP 1 ), 10 (ΔP 2 ), and 13 bars (ΔP 3 ) for CB16/PBT, CB10/PBT, and CB7/PBT, respectively.…”