Elective bilateral above the knee amputation in T4-complete spinal cord injury: a case report

Jaffe, Murray S.

doi:10.1038/sc.2008.58

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…It is most uncommon for patients with disabling neurological diseases affecting the limbs in a focal or multifocal fashion, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or neuropathy, to resort to amputation. In fact, there are only 3 case reports of this occurring in the medical literature, 1 due to a paralyzed limb after stroke,17 1 due to painful contractured legs after spinal cord injury,18 and 1 in a child with secondary dystonia,19 However, we acknowledge that other cases may exist and have simply not been reported (and were alerted by an anonymous reviewer of this article that he/she had experience of 2 cases of amputation for osteomyelitis associated with abnormal postures due to corticobasal degeneration and Rassmussen's‐like encephalopathy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases as an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species during hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2010

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Oxidative stress has been identified as a key mechanism of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced pathogenesis. Studies suggest that HCV increases the generation of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite close to the cell nucleus, inflicting DNA damage, but the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that HCV increased the generation of superoxide and H2O2 close to the hepatocyte nucleus and that this source of ROS was Nox4. Huh7 human hepatoma cells and telomerase-reconstituted primary human hepatocytes, transfected or infected with virus-producing HCV strains of genotype 2a and 1b, were examined for mRNA, protein, and subcellular localization of Nox proteins, along with human liver. We found that genotype 2a HCV induced persistent elevation of Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA and proteins in Huh7 cells. Genotype 1b HCV likewise elevated the levels of Nox1 and Nox4 in telomerase-reconstituted primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, Nox1 and Nox4 proteins were increased in HCV-infected human liver compared to uninfected liver. Unlike Nox1, Nox4 was prominent in the nuclear compartment of these cells as well as human liver, particularly in the presence of HCV. HCV-induced ROS and nuclear nitrotyrosine could be decreased with siRNAs to Nox1 and Nox4. Finally, HCV increased the level of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1). TGFβ1 could elevate Nox4 expression in the presence of infectious HCV, and HCV increased Nox4 at least in part through TGFβ1. Conclusion HCV induced a persistent elevation of Nox1 and Nox4 and increased nuclear localization of Nox4 in hepatocytes in vitro and in human liver. Hepatocyte Nox proteins are likely to act as a persistent, endogenous source of ROS during HCV-induced pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases as an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species during hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2010

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“…It is most uncommon for patients with disabling neurological diseases affecting the limbs in a focal or multifocal fashion, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or neuropathy, to resort to amputation. In fact, there are only 3 case reports of this occurring in the medical literature, 1 due to a paralyzed limb after stroke, 17 1 due to painful contractured legs after spinal cord injury, 18 and 1 in a child with secondary dystonia, 19 However, we acknowledge that other cases may exist and have simply not been reported (and were alerted by an anonymous reviewer of this article that he/she had experience of 2 cases of amputation for osteomyelitis associated with abnormal postures due to corticobasal degeneration and Rassmussen's-like encephalopathy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb amputations in fixed dystonia: A form of body integrity identity disorder?

et al. 2011

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Fixed dystonia is a disabling disorder mainly affecting young women who develop fixed abnormal limb postures and pain after apparently minor peripheral injury. There is continued debate regarding its pathophysiology and management. We report 5 cases of fixed dystonia in patients who sought amputation of the affected limb. We place these cases in the context of previous reports of patients with healthy limbs and patients with chronic regional pain syndrome who have sought amputation. Our cases, combined with recent data regarding disorders of mental rotation in patients with fixed dystonia, as well as previous data regarding body integrity identity disorder and amputations sought by patients with chronic regional pain syndrome, raise the possibility that patients with fixed dystonia might have a deficit in body schema that predisposes them to developing fixed dystonia and drives some to seek amputation. The outcome of amputation in fixed dystonia is invariably unfavorable. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society

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Elective bilateral above the knee amputation in T4-complete spinal cord injury: a case report

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases as an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species during hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases as an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species during hepatitis C virus infection

Limb amputations in fixed dystonia: A form of body integrity identity disorder?

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