Elastomeric Cardiowrap Scaffolds Functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Induce a Positive Modulation in the Inflammatory and Wound Healing Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Macrophage

Abstract

A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication. In this work, a combination of elastomeric membranes and exosomes was obtained and tested as a bioimplant. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages were seeded into the scaffold (polycaprolactone) and filled with exosomes derived from MSCs. Cells were tested for proliferation with an MTT test, and for wound healing properties and macrophage polarization by gene expression. Moreover, morphological analyses of their ability to colonize the scaffolds surfaces have been further evaluated. Results confirm that exosomes were easily entrapped onto the surface of the elastomeric scaffolds, increasing the wound healing properties and collagen type I and vitronectin of the MSC, and improving the M2 phenotype of the macrophages, mainly thanks to the increase in miRNA124 and decrease in miRNA 125. We can conclude that the enrichment of elastomeric scaffolds functionalized with exosomes is as an effective strategy to improve myocardial regeneration.

Biological Characterization of Human Autologous Pericardium Treated with the Ozaki Procedure for Aortic Valve Reconstruction

“…Our data indicate that human pericardium treated by the Ozaki procedure is not cytotoxic to murine fibroblasts, as revealed by the MTT quantification of cell metabolic activity, which was found to be around 87% when compared to that of the control cell cultures. According to the ISO 10993-5 standard, a material is considered cytotoxic when there is a reduction in cell viability of more than 30% [26]. Interestingly, the post-Ozaki samples behaved very similarly to the bovine pericardium used as negative control.…”

Exosomes Derived from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Show Different Angiogenic and Osteogenic Properties in Relation to the Age of the Donor

“…To evaluate the possible cytotoxicity of the exosome fraction, we performed the MTT assay and observed the cell proliferation rate of MSCs at different time points [ 30 , 31 ]. For this purpose, MSCs were cultured both in exosome enriched medium and in normal conditions for 3, 7 and 10 days.…”

Regenerative Neurology and Regenerative Cardiology: Shared Hurdles and Achievements

“…In many congenital heart diseases neonatal ventricles demonstrate a number of intrinsic pathologic modifications, including relative immaturity of the extra-cellular matrix, inappropriately low transcription factor expression and increased myocyte apoptosis, this should open the way for the evaluation of treatments associating tissue engineering with cells implants. The main mechanisms by which cell transplantation and tissue engineering can bring functional benefits in myocardial diseases is the combination of cells and scaffolds, which limit the spread of the pathologic area, preventing excessive remodeling and dilatation of the ventricle [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”