El Niño and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in China

Environmental variability and the transmission of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Changsha, People's Republic of China

“…Climate in China, particularly southern China, is affected greatly by ENSO, which is the most important ocean atmosphere phenomenon [28]. In this study, MEI was used as an indicator of the climate pattern in Changsha, an important variation for characterizing changing patterns of epidemic situations [29–31]. This result indicated that the epidemic in the study area may be affected by large-scale climatic variation.…”

Spatiotemporal Trends and Climatic Factors of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Epidemic in Shandong Province, China

“…For example, heavy precipitation followed by increased grass seed production was associated with higher deer mouse densities that caused an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Four Corners region of the USA (the New Mexico area) [24] – [27] . However, excessive rainfall could have a negative impact on rodents by destroying their habitats in Eastern China [28] , [29] . In addition, frequent rain may decrease the likelihood of rodent-to-rodent contact, rodent-to-human contact, and virus transmission due to decreased rodent activity and reduced human exposure [28] .…”

Introduction: Conceptualizing and Partitioning the Emergence Process of Zoonotic Viruses from Wildlife to Humans

“…On a global scale, climate change has been increasingly linked to instances of zoonotic disease emergence, with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) providing the largest interannual signal of climate variation (Wang et al 1999). One hypothesized mechanism by which ENSO triggers increased incidence of zoonotic disease among humans, is through a chain of sequentially induced events referred to as a trophic cascade (Polis et al 2000), ultimately leading to increased numbers of individuals among H R or H V populations and increasing the risk of human exposure to a zoonotic pathogen (Nicholls 1986;Kelly-Hope et al 2004;Bi and Parton 2003;Glass et al 2002;Anyamba et al 2001). ENSO events have been correlated with increased risk of HPS and plague in the southeastern United States (Glass et al 2002;Parmenter et al 1999 Local weather conditions, potentially driven by global climate variation, have been repeatedly shown to influence the emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses.…”