Egypt’s Tourism Industry and the Arab Spring

Tomazos, Konstantinos

doi:10.23912/9781910158814-3432

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Unlike a natural disaster or a pandemic disaster, the high level of social and economic instability coupled with extremism and politically motivated violence poses a significant challenge to the tourism and hospitality industries. As noted by Tomazos (2017, p. 214):…”

Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The total contribution of travel and tourism in wider forms of investment and suppliers were approximately 3.36 million jobs, or 12.9% of total employment (Cairo, 2014;WTTC, 2014). When this is put in tourism revenue terms, 2010 was the year Egypt recorded the highest ever tourism revenue of between US$12.5-13.8bn (Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Finance, 2015; also see Tomazos, 2017;Ragab, 2014). In contrast, it is estimated that tourism revenue in 2014 was around US$7-7.5bn (Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Finance, 2015;Smith, 2014).…”

Section: Hurricane Katrinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the 2011 uprisings, a large percent of the total Egyptian economy included tourism. The tourism sector was interrupted when events in Tunisia inspired the Egyptian Revolution on the 25 January 2011 resulting in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak some weeks later (Doucet, 2013; Nassar, 2012; Tomazos, 2017). Moreover, many countries issued travel warnings and evacuated their citizens, after a series of strikes, marches and violent clashes between demonstrators, security forces and supporters of Hosni Mubarak in Cairo in 2011 (CNN, 2011; Nassar, 2012; Tomazos, 2017).…”

Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Arab tourism sector recorded billions of US dollars in losses as a result of the Arab Spring and the loss of some 10 million tourists, according to the Arab Tourism Organization [eTN (ETurboNews), 2013, May 31]. Tomazos (2017) notes “[…] many flights and accommodation reservations were cancelled (Nassar, 2012) and popular attractions were left almost deserted. This paints a very clear picture about the immediate effect of the crisis on the livelihoods of people depending on tourism income.” In 2010 approximately 1.65 million people or 7% of the total workforce were directly employed in tourism (WTTC, 2014).…”

Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social disruption of the tourism and hospitality industries: implications for post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery

Chapman

Miller

Salley

2021

WHATT

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how societal disruptions in the wake of disasters and crises also disrupt the tourism and hospitality industries. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a case-study approach. First, the literature on disasters/crises is reviewed; then three cases in which disasters impacted local, regional and global tourism and hospitality industries are examined: Hurricane Katrina, Arab Spring and the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Three principles are proposed to assist in mitigating the impacts of disaster on the tourist industry. These principles also serve as a means of potentially re-orienting and guiding the tourism and hospitality industries toward a sustainable and equitable future. Originality/value In addition to the three guiding principles offered in this paper; the examination of COVID-19 offers a novel case in which tourism is impacted globally by a singular disaster. Findings and implications from this case will guide recovery and, potentially, allow for a reconceptualization of the tourism and hospitality industries.

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Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Hurricane Katrinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Arab Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social disruption of the tourism and hospitality industries: implications for post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery

Chapman

Miller

Salley

2021

WHATT

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“…Evidence of reaction to other dangerous situations, particularly conflict and terrorist-related (Isaac et al, 2019), has shown that the travelling public has relatively short memories and is prepared to return to destinations previously perceived as dangerous when the danger is perceived to have disappeared and has not been repeated. Even where the sporadic threat of terrorism has existed for several years, in Egypt for example (Tomazos, 2017), one or two years has normally been the maximum extent of time before previous levels of tourism have been reestablished. Where the danger has been from natural hazards, (e.g.…”

Section: Short-term Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism – resilient but vulnerable as “the times they are a changing” in the “new normality”

Butler

2020

WHATT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a viewpoint about the short- and long-term future of tourism in the light of the effects of the response to Covid-19 and the implications of potential changes tourism might be facing. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of current media and academic commentaries and articles on the impact of Covid-19 on tourism, and the likelihood of changes being forced on tourism by external agents of change desiring a different form that the industry should take. Findings Current concerns and changes in patterns of tourism are being driven by two main forces: restrictions imposed on travel, both domestic and international, and fear by potential tourists and destination hosts of infection being caused by the resumption of tourist travel. The situation is extremely vulnerable, changing long-established patterns of behaviour and the effects of tourism on economies, communities and environments. The future for tourism is seen as generally positive in the long term, but agents of change opposed to the traditional patterns of tourism may create a negative environment that could cause severe disruption to the industry and its customers, unless tourism displays willingness and resolve to correct previously inappropriate ways of operating. Originality/value This paper presents a viewpoint about the short- and long-term future of tourism.

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From the Coast to the High Mountains: A Remote Sensing Survey of Disturbances and Threats to the Archaeology and Heritage of South Sinai

2022

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The archaeology and heritage of South Sinai is rich and varied. Most research to date has focused on the High Mountains, specifically the area around the famous St Catherine’s Monastery, placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2002 (Saint Catherine Area, World Heritage Site 954). Recently, the Sinai Peninsula Research and the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa projects have focused on the landscape surrounding the St Catherine’s Monastery. These projects highlighted the wealth of archaeological and heritage sites spanning the prehistoric to modern periods, including sites that are still in use by local communities today, as well as the environmental and anthropogenic factors that threaten their survival, such as climate change, tourism, and the impact of infrastructure developments. By contrast, the archaeology and heritage of the coastal areas was never surveyed systematically until the research presented in this paper. Remote sensing work by the Maritime Endangered Archaeology project revealed a coastal landscape that is likewise rich in archaeological and heritage sites. As in the High Mountains, many of the coastal sites are under significant threat, but they do not enjoy the same level of recognition and protection. This paper compares the coastal sites to those in the High Mountains, including their disturbances and threats, and demonstrates the need for a locally specific heritage management and protection strategy for different parts of South Sinai.

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Egypt’s Tourism Industry and the Arab Spring

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Social disruption of the tourism and hospitality industries: implications for post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery

Social disruption of the tourism and hospitality industries: implications for post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery

Tourism – resilient but vulnerable as “the times they are a changing” in the “new normality”

From the Coast to the High Mountains: A Remote Sensing Survey of Disturbances and Threats to the Archaeology and Heritage of South Sinai

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