Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource?

Baumeister, Roy F.; Bratslavsky, Ellen; Muraven, Mark; Tice, Dianne M.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252

Cited by 3,750 publications

(4,084 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Also the direction of any association between the perception of interoceptive signals and self-regulatory processes remains unclear. Future studies could expand the assessment of self-regulatory capacity by including self-report measures and experimental self-regulation tasks such as an exposure to temptation or an anagram task (62,70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized hypervigilance in fibromyalgia: Normal interoceptive accuracy, but reduced self-regulatory capacity

Rost

Ryckeghem

Schulz

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective: The factors underlying the aetiology of fibromyalgia (FM) are largely unknown.According to the generalized hypervigilance hypothesis (GHH), FM patients show excessive attention towards pain stimuli and other sensory events, thereby increasing pain perception and dysfunctional behaviour. We tested this notion by assessing interoceptive accuracy (IA) in FM patients and matched healthy controls. We also tested the hypothesis that FM is characterized by reduced self-regulatory capacity as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV).Methods: 47 FM patients (Mage = 45.5, 39 females) and 45 healthy controls (Mage = 44.9, 37 females) completed several self-report scales (Body Vigilance Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Pain Catastrophizing Scale). To derive HRV, heart rate was monitored under resting conditions; for the assessment of IA participants performed a heartbeat tracking task in which they were asked to silently count their heartbeats. Results: FM patients reported higher body vigilance than healthy controls, but there were no group differences in IA. FM patients had lower HRV compared with healthy controls. HRV did not predictor IA. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings do not support the hypothesis of generalized hypervigilance in FM patients. Patients reported a heightened focus on bodily sensations, which was not reflected in IA. It may be that hypervigilance is not a general and stable characteristic but is rather context dependent and modality-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized hypervigilance in fibromyalgia: Normal interoceptive accuracy, but reduced self-regulatory capacity

Rost

Ryckeghem

Schulz

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…These tasks were matched for difficulty and appearance, differing most substantially in their reliance on either verbal or spatial working memory processes (Gray, 2001). Borrowing logic from the finding that depletion of resources in one task domain can carry over and impact performance on another task (e.g., Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998), if stereotype threat selectively impinges on verbal processing resources (e.g., via worries about the situation and its consequences) and this working memory consumption does not immediately subside when performance on the stereotyped task is finished, then individuals should perform poorer on a verbal (relative to a spatial) two-back task following stereotype threat. In essence, stereotype threat may "spill over" onto other tasks that use the same processing resources but that are not implicated by the negative stereotype.…”

Section: Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotype threat and working memory: Mechanisms, alleviation, and spillover.

Beilock

Rydell

McConnell

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

449

377

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Stereotype threat (ST) occurs when the awareness of a negative stereotype about a social group in a particular domain produces suboptimal performance by members of that group. Although ST has been repeatedly demonstrated, far less is known about how its effects are realized. Using mathematical problem solving as a test bed, the authors demonstrate in 5 experiments that ST harms math problems that rely heavily on working memory resources-especially phonological aspects of this system. Moreover, by capitalizing on an understanding of the cognitive mechanisms by which ST exerts its impact, the authors show (a) how ST can be alleviated (e.g., by heavily practicing once-susceptible math problems such that they are retrieved directly from long-term memory rather than computed via a working-memory-intensive algorithm) and (b) when it will spill over onto subsequent tasks unrelated to the stereotype in question but dependent on the same cognitive resources that stereotype threat also uses. The current work extends the knowledge of the causal mechanisms of stereotype threat and demonstrates how its effects can be attenuated and propagated.

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“…It is unknown whether these effects still occur for individuals who have strong cravings for foods that are high in saturated fat (or for addictive behaviours). In addition, exerting self-control in relation to one"s food consumption might have negative consequences for other behaviours that require self-control (such as avoiding smoking) as self-control can be viewed as a limited resource (Baumeister, Bratlavsky, Muraven & Tice, 1998). Finally, the study was powered to detect significant effects rather than to make strong conclusions regarding null effects.…”

Section: Secondary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%