Efficient quantum private comparison protocol utilizing single photons and rotational encryption

In this paper, we propose a secure multi-party summation based on single photons. With the help of a semi-honest third party, n participants can simultaneously obtain the summation result without revealing their secret inputs. Our protocol uses single photon states as the information carriers. In addition, each participant with secret input only performs simple single-particle operators rather than particle preparation and any complex quantum measurements. These features make our protocol more feasible to implement. We demonstrate the correctness and security of the proposed protocol, which is resistant to participant attack and outside attack. In the end, we compare in detail the performance of the quantum summation protocol in this paper with other schemes in terms of different indicators. By comparison, our protocol is efficient and easy to implement.

Section: Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Secure Multi-Party Summation Using Single Photons

Xie

2023

“…In this protocol, secrets are divided into multiple groups, which improves efficiency by eliminating the need to compare all groups of information. Since then, different QPC protocols have been continuously proposed, aiming to determine the relationship between private and these studies mainly utilize various quantum states, including single photons [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], Bell states [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], entangled states [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], cluster states [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and d-level quantum states [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] as quantum resources. They also employ different quantum technologies, such as entanglement swapping and unitary operations, as well as determine whether to distribute keys for sharing secret keys to accomplish the comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Quantum Private Comparison Using Four-Particle Cluster State

Hou,

Wu,

Zhang

2024

Quantum private comparison (QPC) enables two users to securely conduct private comparisons in a network characterized by mutual distrust while guaranteeing the confidentiality of their private inputs. Most previous QPC protocols were primarily used to determine the equality of private information between two users, which constrained their scalability. In this paper, we propose a QPC protocol that leverages the entanglement correlation between particles in a four-particle cluster state. This protocol can compare the information of two groups of users within one protocol execution, with each group consisting of two users. A semi-honest third party (TP), who will not deviate from the protocol execution or conspire with any participant, is involved in assisting users to achieve private comparisons. Users encode their inputs into specific angles of rotational operations performed on the received quantum sequence, which is then sent back to TP. Security analysis shows that both external attacks and insider threats are ineffective at stealing private data. Finally, we compare our protocol with some previously proposed QPC protocols.

“…Quantum superdense coding is utilized to achieve higher efficiency. Since then, several QPC protocols have been proposed, utilizing various quantum resources such as single photons [8][9][10][11], entangled states [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and cluster states [22][23][24][25][26]. Additionally, two-atom product states and single-atom measurements are used in a QPC protocol [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on GHZ States

Hou,

Wu,

Zhang

2024

Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a fundamental cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to compare the equality of their private inputs without revealing any information about those inputs to each other. In recent years, QPC protocols utilizing various quantum resources have been proposed. However, these QPC protocols have lower utilization of quantum resources and qubit efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an efficient QPC protocol based on GHZ states, which leverages the unique properties of GHZ states and rotation operations to achieve secure and efficient private comparison. The secret information is encoded in the rotation angles of rotation operations performed on the received quantum sequence transmitted along the circular mode. This results in the multiplexing of quantum resources and enhances the utilization of quantum resources. Our protocol does not require quantum key distribution (QKD) for sharing a secret key to ensure the security of the inputs, resulting in no consumption of quantum resources for key sharing. One GHZ state can be compared to three bits of classical information in each comparison, leading to qubit efficiency reaching 100%. Compared with the existing QPC protocol, our protocol does not require quantum resources for sharing a secret key. It also demonstrates enhanced performance in qubit efficiency and the utilization of quantum resources.