Efficient inverted polymer solar cells

Li, Gang; Chu, Chih‐Wei; Shrotriya, Vishal; Huang, Jinsong; Yang, Yo-Lun

doi:10.1063/1.2212270

Cited by 770 publications

(582 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Some inorganic materials, such as V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 , have been reported as the most effective HTLs, providing OPVs with PCEs higher than 5%. 177, 178 An inorganic material layer can overcome the drawbacks of the PEDOT:PSS because they use a dry VD process. However, the VD technique is expensive and cannot be scaled up to meet commercial requirements.…”

Section: Heterojunction Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

236

120

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Graphene has wide potential applications in energyrelated systems, mainly because of its unique atom-thick twodimensional structure, high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency, great mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, and huge specific surface area. For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form composites, especially when fabricating flexible devices. Graphene/polymer composites have been explored as electrodes of supercapacitors or lithium ion batteries, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, transparent conducting electrodes and active layers of organic solar cells, catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the synthesis and applications of graphene/polymer composites for energy applications. The challenges and prospects in this field have also been discussed. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 231-253 KEYWORDS: composites; energy; fuel cell; graphene; lithium ion battery; redox polymers; solar cell; supercapacitor; synthesis INTRODUCTION Energy is one of the most important recent topics of concern to human society. To replace conventional fossil fuels, clean and renewable energies based on sunlight, wind, new chemicals, and biofuels are urgently demanded. Therefore, materials that can directly convert or store renewable energies are being extensively studied. Among them, graphene has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its unique atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) structure 1,2 and excellent electrical, 2 thermal, 3 optical, and mechanical properties. 4,5 Graphene is a promising material for applications in various energy-related systems such as supercapacitors, 6-9 secondary batteries, 10-14 solar cells, 15-17 and fuel cells. [18][19][20] For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form functional composites. [21][22][23] The polymer component can improve the processability and/or flexibility of graphene materials, and also possibly provide them with new functions. To date, various graphene composites with insulating or conducting polymers (CPs) have been prepared through noncovalent 22 or covalent approaches. 24 They have also been applied as electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries (LIBs), 25-29 counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 15,30,31 and transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) 32,33 or active layers of organic solar cells, 34 catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. [35][36][37] This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene/polymer composites and their energy applications.

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Section: Heterojunction Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

236

120

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“…Many reports can be found in the literature regarding interface engineering with TMOs applied to organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells [10], such as molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) [11], tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) [12], vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) [13] and rhenium trioxide (ReO 3 ) [14]. These TMOs work as hole-selective contacts due to their large work functions (>5 eV) laying close to the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) level of several ptype organic semiconductors, favoring ohmic contact formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Gerling

Mahato

Morales-Vilches

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

351

281

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This work reports on a comparative study comprising three transition metal oxides, MoO 3 , WO 3 and V 2 O 5 , acting as front p-type emitters for n-type crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Owing to their high work functions (>5 eV) and wide energy band gaps, these oxides act as transparent hole-selective contacts with semiconductive properties that are determined by oxygen-vacancy defects (MoO 3-x ), as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the fabricated hybrid structures, 15 nm thick transition metal oxide layers were deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation. Of all three devices, the V 2 O 5 /n-silicon heterojunction performed the best with a conversion efficiency of 15.7% and an open-circuit voltage of 606 mV, followed by MoO 3 (13.6%) and WO 3 (12.5%). These results bring into view a new silicon heterojunction solar cell concept with advantages such as the absence of toxic dopant gases and a simplified low-temperature fabrication process.

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“…[6][7][8] OSCs and OLEDs with efficient and stable performance have been reported using different metal oxides as the electron and hole transport layers (ETLs and HTLs). Metal oxides with a high work function such as MoO 3 , 9,10 V 2 O 5 , 11 WO 3 12,13 and NiO x 14,15 can function as HTLs in organic optoelectronic devices to address the degradation issue of poly (3,4-ethylenedioythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-based devices. [16][17][18] Low-work-function metal oxides such as TiO 2 , 19,20 and SnO x 24 with efficient electron extraction have been utilized as ETLs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoOx and V2Ox as hole and electron transport layers through functionalized intercalation in normal and inverted organic optoelectronic devices

et al. 2015

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To achieve fabrication and cost competitiveness in organic optoelectronic devices that include organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), it is desirable to have one type of material that can simultaneously function as both the electron and hole transport layers (ETLs and HTLs) of the organic devices in all device architectures (i.e., normal and inverted architectures). We address this issue by proposing and demonstrating Cs-intercalated metal oxides (with various Cs mole ratios) as both the ETL and HTL of an organic optoelectronic device with normal and inverted device architectures. Our results demonstrate that the new approach works well for widely used transition metal oxides of molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) and vanadium oxide (V 2 O x ). Moreover, the Cs-intercalated metaloxide-based ETL and HTL can be easily formed under the conditions of a room temperature, water-free and solution-based process. These conditions favor practical applications of OSCs and OLEDs. Notably, with the analyses of the Kelvin Probe System, our approach of Cs-intercalated metal oxides with a wide mole ratio range of transition metals (Mo or V)/Cs from 1 : 0 to 1 : 0.75 can offer significant and continuous work function tuning as large as 1.31 eV for functioning as both an ETL and HTL. Consequently, our method of intercalated metal oxides can contribute to the emerging large-scale and low-cost organic optoelectronic devices.

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Efficient inverted polymer solar cells

Cited by 770 publications

References 20 publications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

MoOx and V2Ox as hole and electron transport layers through functionalized intercalation in normal and inverted organic optoelectronic devices

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