This work proposes a query-by-singing (QBS) content-based music retrieval (CBMR) system that uses
I . I N T R O D U C T I O NDigital music data on the Internet are explosively growing. Therefore, applications of content-based music retrieval (CBMR) system are more and more popular. Searching music by a particular melody of a song directly is more convenient than by a name of a song for people. Moreover, according to the survey from the United Nations [1], the 21st century will witness even more rapid population ageing than did the century just past; therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and accurate way to retrieve the music data.A CBMR method is a more effective approach for a music retrieval system than the text-based method. A CBMR system aims to retrieve and query music by acoustic features of music, while a text-based music retrieval system only takes names, lyrics, and ID3 tags of songs into consideration.Query-by-singing (QBS) is a popular method in CBMR. Many approaches based on QBS have been developed currently. Huang [2] proposed a QBS system by extracting the pitches and the volumes of the music. The data