Efficient, Air‐Stable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using MoO<sub>x</sub> as the Anode Interfacial Layer

Sun, Yanming; Takacs, Christopher J.; Cowan, Sarah R.; Seo, Jung Hwa; Gong, Xiong; Roy, Anshuman; Heeger, Alan J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201100038

Cited by 608 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These TMOs work as hole-selective contacts due to their large work functions (>5 eV) laying close to the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) level of several ptype organic semiconductors, favoring ohmic contact formation. Since TMOs are more stable than their organic counterparts [15] and possess the same low-temperature and solution-based processability, it is natural to explore their potential as doping alternatives for c-Si solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Gerling

Mahato

Morales-Vilches

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

351

281

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This work reports on a comparative study comprising three transition metal oxides, MoO 3 , WO 3 and V 2 O 5 , acting as front p-type emitters for n-type crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Owing to their high work functions (>5 eV) and wide energy band gaps, these oxides act as transparent hole-selective contacts with semiconductive properties that are determined by oxygen-vacancy defects (MoO 3-x ), as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the fabricated hybrid structures, 15 nm thick transition metal oxide layers were deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation. Of all three devices, the V 2 O 5 /n-silicon heterojunction performed the best with a conversion efficiency of 15.7% and an open-circuit voltage of 606 mV, followed by MoO 3 (13.6%) and WO 3 (12.5%). These results bring into view a new silicon heterojunction solar cell concept with advantages such as the absence of toxic dopant gases and a simplified low-temperature fabrication process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Gerling

Mahato

Morales-Vilches

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

351

281

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“…This material system, particularly in the form of thin and ultra-thin films, finds applications in a variety of technologically relevant fields, including catalysis, 1 gas sensors, 2,3 optically switchable coatings, 4,5 high-energy density solid-state microbatteries, 6,7 smart windows technology, 8,9 flexible supercapacitors, 10 thin film transistors (TFTs) 11 and organic electronics. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Owing to its high work function -up to 6.9 eV [12] and to the layered structure of α-MoO 3 , MoO x is also employed as a 2D material beyond graphene and as efficient hole contact on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for p-type field effect transistors (p-FETs). [23][24][25] In view of a reliable device performance, the control over the chemical and physical properties of the MoO x system is mandatory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Processing and charge state engineering of MoOx

et al. 2017

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The effects of wet chemical processing employed in device fabrication standards are studied on molybdenum oxide (MoOx) ultra-thin films. We have combined x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle resolved XPS and x-ray reflectivity to gain insight into the changes in composition, structure and electronic states upon treatment of films with different initial stoichiometry prepared by reactive sputtering. Our results show significant reduction effects associated with the development of gap states in MoOx, as well as changes in the composition and structure of the films, systematically correlated with the initial oxidation state of Mo.

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“…[7][8][9] Regarding the extraction of holes at the anode, the most commonly used materials are poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) 10 and MoO 3 . 11,12 These additional layers have been clearly proven as useful contact selectivity enhancers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interplay between Fullerene Surface Coverage and Contact Selectivity of Cathode Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2013

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Interfaces play a determining role in establishing the degree of carrier selectivity at outer contacts in organic solar cells. Considering that the bulk heterojunction consists of a blend of electron donor and acceptor materials, the specific relative surface coverage at the electrode interfaces has an impact on the carrier selectivity. This work unravels how fullerene surface coverage at cathode contacts lies behind the carrier selectivity of the electrodes. A variety of techniques such as variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and capacitance–voltage measurements have been used to determine the degree of fullerene surface coverage in a set of PCPDTBT-based solar cells processed with different additives. A full screening from highly fullerene-rich to polymer-rich phases attaching the cathode interface has enabled the overall correlation between surface morphology (relative coverage) and device performance (operating parameters). The general validity of the measurements is further discussed in three additional donor/acceptor systems: PCPDTBT, P3HT, PCDTBT, and PTB7 blended with fullerene derivatives. It is demonstrated that a fullerene-rich interface at the cathode is a prerequisite to enhance contact selectivity and consequently power conversion efficiency.

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Efficient, Air‐Stable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using MoO_x as the Anode Interfacial Layer

Cited by 608 publications

References 28 publications

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Processing and charge state engineering of MoOx

Interplay between Fullerene Surface Coverage and Contact Selectivity of Cathode Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells

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Efficient, Air‐Stable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using MoOx as the Anode Interfacial Layer

Cited by 608 publications

References 28 publications

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Processing and charge state engineering of MoOx

Interplay between Fullerene Surface Coverage and Contact Selectivity of Cathode Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells

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Product

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Efficient, Air‐Stable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using MoO_x as the Anode Interfacial Layer