Efficiency enhancement by defect engineering in perovskite photovoltaic cells prepared using evaporated PbI2/CH3NH3I multilayers

Ng, Annie; Ren, Zhiwei; Shen, Qian; Cheung, Sin Hang; Gokkaya, Huseyin Cem; Bai, Gongxun; Wang, Jingchuan; Yang, Lijun; So, Shu Kong; Djurišić, Aleksandra B.; Leung, Wallace Woon‐Fong; Hao, Jianhua; Chan, Wai Kin; Surya, C.

doi:10.1039/c4ta05070c

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Figure a shows the PL lifetime of perovskite films with different concentration of POEA. With increasing POEA concentration from 0% to 30%, the PL lifetime continues to increase, suggesting the POEA may provide an efficient surface passivation effect and reduced the trap‐assisted recombination . However, the PL lifetime started to drop when pure layered structure was formed in the 40% and 60% POEA case.…”

Section: Perovskite Led Properties With Different Ratio Of Poea the supporting

confidence: 92%

High‐Performance Color‐Tunable Perovskite Light Emitting Devices through Structural Modulation from Bulk to Layered Film

et al. 2016

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Adding 2-phenoxyethylamine (POEA) into a CH NH PbBr precursor solution can modulate the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure from bulk to layered, with a photoluminescence and electroluminescence shift from green to blue. Meanwhile, POEA can passivate the CH NH PbBr surface and help to obtain a pure CH NH PbBr phase, leading to an improvement of the external quantum efficiency to nearly 3% in CH NH PbBr LED.

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Section: Perovskite Led Properties With Different Ratio Of Poea the supporting

confidence: 92%

High‐Performance Color‐Tunable Perovskite Light Emitting Devices through Structural Modulation from Bulk to Layered Film

et al. 2016

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“…In addition to the reduction in the interface trap density, improvements in the conductivity of SnO 2 may also contribute to reduced hysteresis . Since the observed behaviors (hysteresis and slow stabilization dynamics) are consistent with the presence of interface traps rather than bulk traps in the perovskite layer, it is possible that the performance could be further improved by optimizing ETL deposition as well as the optimization of the interface between the ETL and the perovskite layer—an effect analogous to PSCs with mesoscopic ETL typically demonstrate smaller I – V hysteresis …”

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity . The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, thermal evaporation, and a combination of vapor and the solution processes . The majority of the early works reported focused on simple 1‐step or 2‐step solution techniques .…”

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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emergence of the hybrid organometal halide perovskite as photovoltaic absorbers had led to a breakthrough in the field of solar technologies. The perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) had accomplished a dramatic enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 [1] to a lately announced certificated PCE of 23.3%, [2] outperforming not only other emerging technologies, but also a number of well-established photovoltaic technologies. The superior properties of hybrid organometal halide perovskite materials include high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy making the material highly suitable for photovoltaic applications. [3][4][5][6] The theoretical maximum PCE for the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x -based PSCs is found to be 31.4%, [7] which approaches the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33% achieved by gallium arsenide solar cells. [8] Tremendous research efforts had been devoted for optimizing the device architecture, as well as deposition techniques and composition of different layers, in particular the perovskite absorber. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity. [16][17][18][19] The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, [20,21] thermal evaporation, [22][23][24] and a combination of vapor and the solution A cryogenic process is introduced to control the crystallization of perovskite layers, eliminating the need for the use of environmentally harmful antisolvents. This process enables decoupling of the nucleation and the crystallization phases by inhibiting chemical reactions in as-cast precursor films rapidly cooled down by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The cooling is followed by blow-drying with nitrogen gas, which induces uniform precipitation of precursors due to the supersaturation of precursors in the residual solvents at very low temperature, while at the same time enhancing the evaporation of the residual solvents and preventing the ordered precursors/perovskite from redissolving into the residual solvents. Using the proposed techniques, the crystallization process can be initiated after the formation of a uniform precursor seed layer. The process is generally applicable to improve the performance of solar cells using perovskite films with different compositions, as demonstrated on three different types of mixed halide perovskites. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% with open-circuit voltage (V OC ) = 1.14 V, short-circuit current density ( J SC ) = 23.5 mA cm −2 , and fill factor (FF) = 0.80 is achieved using the proposed cryogenic process.When humanity in the modern world consumes ever-increasing energy for the development of the infrastructure, growth of the economy and to raise the standard of living, securing clean and sustainable energy resources becomes a cri...

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“…Compared with previously reported co‐evaporation of perovskite layers, our simplified sequential vapor deposition possesses three distinct advantages: 1) it is highly effective and repeatable to produce high‐quality, uniform, and single‐crystal‐thick mixed‐cation mixed‐halide perovskite films with microscale crystal domain size and extraordinary morphology for efficient carrier transporting and minimum recombination, even on rough FTO glass substrates; 2) the simplified fabrication procedure and infrastructure requirement are cost‐effective, and they minimize the risk of contamination, mishandling, as well as QCM interference; and 3) more importantly, using vapor‐deposited single‐layered SnO 2 and CuPc as the highly stable ETL and HTL, respectively, together with a metal electrode, the entire device in such an elegant planar structure can be fabricated in a single vacuum process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Mixed‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by All‐Vacuum Sequential Deposition Using Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layer

et al. 2019

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The incorporation of various cations and halides to form mixed perovskites has enabled perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to exceed 20% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, they are primarily prepared by solution methods, which limit film uniformity and scalability. Although co‐evaporation is used to prepare all‐vacuum‐deposited PSCs with a decent performance, it involves multiple sources and quartz crystal monitors (QCMs) to simultaneously control deposition rates and film thicknesses, which increase production cost and fabrication complexity and interfere QCMs’ reading precision. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective sequential vapor deposition involving only one QCM and two sources is demonstrated as an advantageous and reliable method to fabricate high‐quality and uniform mixed‐cation mixed‐halide perovskite films with microscale grain sizes and extraordinary morphology for the PSC application. In addition, for the first time, radio frequency (RF)‐sputtered SnO2 is implemented into all‐vacuum‐deposited PSCs as an electron transport layer (ETL). Together with evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a thermally and chemically stable low‐cost hole transport layer (HTL), alternative to the commonly used 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD), which is costly, highly hygroscopic, and deliquescent, a respectable PCE of 15.14% is achieved with a promising device stability and negligible hysteresis.

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Efficiency enhancement by defect engineering in perovskite photovoltaic cells prepared using evaporated PbI₂/CH₃NH₃I multilayers

Abstract: CH3NH3PbI3-based devices exhibiting a PCE of 12.5% have been achieved by annealing the evaporated precursor multilayers and treating the device constituent layers in a well controlled atmosphere.

Cited by 86 publications

References 49 publications

High‐Performance Color‐Tunable Perovskite Light Emitting Devices through Structural Modulation from Bulk to Layered Film

High‐Performance Color‐Tunable Perovskite Light Emitting Devices through Structural Modulation from Bulk to Layered Film

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Efficient Mixed‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by All‐Vacuum Sequential Deposition Using Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layer

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