Efficacy of Yoga on Pregnancy Outcome

Narendran, Shamanthakamani; Nagarathna, Raghuram; Narendran, Vivek; Gunasheela, Sulochana; Nagendra, H R

doi:10.1089/acm.2005.11.237

Cited by 181 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Studies conducted on pregnant patients with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler findings demonstrated significantly improved blood flow as measured by the velocitometry parameters when yoga was practiced with deep slow breathing techniques [32]. A case-controlled prospective study of 355 pregnant women who practiced a slow, deep breathing-based yoga technique starting at 18-20 weeks showed significantly decreased incidence of pre-term birth and pre-eclampsia [33].…”

Section: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated With Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of development of pre-eclampsia linking breathing disorders to endothelial dysfunction

2009

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s u m m a r yHigh blood pressure is an important component of pre-eclampsia. The underlying mechanism of development of hypertension in pre-eclampsia is complicated and still remains obscure. Several theories have been advanced including endothelial dysfunction, uteroplacental insufficiency leading to generalized vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Increased blood flow and pressure are thought to lead to capillary dilatation, which damages end-organ sites, leading to hypertension, proteinuria and edema. Additional theories have been put forward based on epidemiological research, implicating immunological and genetic factors. None of these theories have been substantiated. Based on a review of literature this paper postulates that the initiating event for the development of preeclampsia is intermittent hypoxia associated with irregular breathing during sleep, hypoapnea, apnea, inadequate respiratory excursions during the waking hours and inadequate cardiopulmonary synchronization (abnormal sympatho-vagal balance).Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. BackgroundDespite being one of leading causes of maternal death and a major contributor of maternal and perinatal morbidity, the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains unclear [1,2]. Evidence shows that inadequate oxygenation from various causes leads to the initiation of an abnormal autonomic response. Several studies show a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension in the non-pregnant state [3,4]. Few studies in pregnancy corroborate this finding [5,6]. Nocturnal hypertension is observed significantly more in patients who have pre-eclampsia than those with gestational hypertension or chronic hypertension [5]. Also in OSA there is relative increase of the sympathetic activity associated with vasospasm, endothelial dysfunction, and increased angiotensin II levels, findings that are also implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia [7,8].Incidence of snoring, hypoapnea and sleep apnea in the nonpregnant state, pregnancy and pre-eclampsiaThe incidence of snoring, hypoapnea, and sleep apnea is 9% in non-pregnant females and 14% in pregnant women [9][10][11]. By the third trimester, 24% of women were reported to have a snoring problem (symptom of sleep apnea). Habitual snorers had a higher frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension (14%) compared to 6% of non-habitual snorers. The intrauterine growth retardation incidence was 7% in habitual snorers compared to 2.6% in nonsnorers [10]. In this study it was noted that all subjects who habitually snored and developed pre-eclampsia started to snore before hypertension or proteinuria was present. Abnormalities of breathing such as inspiratory flow limitation are observed more frequently in patients with pre-eclampsia (31 ± 8%) as compared to normal pregnant women (15.5 ± 2.3%), and non-pregnant females (<5%) [9]. The autonomic imbalance associated with this abnormal breathing was found to be associated with high systoli...

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Section: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated With Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of development of pre-eclampsia linking breathing disorders to endothelial dysfunction

2009

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“…Non-pharmacological therapies should be considered as possible choices for pregnant women attempting to avoid medication side-effects. These include psychotherapy, massage therapy, yoga, and listening to music (Cunningham and Zayas, 2002;Narendran et al, 2005;Chang et al, 2008;Kimber et al, 2008;Maharana et al, 2009;Field et al, 2009Field et al, , 2010, the latter being probably the most accessible non-pharmacological therapy for low socioeconomic status women. Yoga, also a potentially accessible therapy, reduces sympathetic activity improving autonomic responses to stress in normal pregnant women (Maharana et al, 2009) but its practice is not well accepted in all cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol and anxiety response to a relaxing intervention on pregnant women awaiting amniocentesis

Ventura

Gomes

Carreira

2012

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The study showed that in the group that practiced yoga, the incidence of preterm labor was statistically lower (P < 0.0006) and birth weight was higher (P < 0.01). [15] Rakhshani et al showed that pregnant women who completed an 1 h yoga classes, 3 times a week, from 12 to 28 weeks of gestation, showed reduced rates of PIH, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction (P = 0.018, 0.042, 0.049, 0.05 respectively). [16] Field examined the benefits of yoga and pregnant women who were clinically depressed reporting that the yoga intervention group had longer gestational age and increased birth weight as compared to the control group receiving no yoga therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of yoga asanas and pranayama on metabolic parameters, maternal, and fetal outcome in gestational diabetes

Balaji¹,

Varne²

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Gestational diabetes affects the health of the women, the fetus, and even after birth, the baby or child. Studies related to the assessment of the effects of yoga and pranayama on metabolic parameters, maternal and fetal outcome among gestational diabetic patients are inadequate. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of yoga and pranayama on metabolic parameters, maternal and fetal outcome in gestational diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 gestational diabetic patients were recruited in the study; after removing the drop outs, 75 of them did specific yoga and pranayama (test group) for 3 months and the remaining, blood sugar-matched, 76 patients were recruited as (control group) who were not on any yoga practice. The data obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and t-test for paired data and categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square test (r × c table). P value was considered significant below 0.05. Results: Analysis of data showed statistically significant difference between metabolic parameters, maternal and fetal outcome of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between yoga group and control group P < 0.01. Conclusion: Yoga and pranayama significantly decrease blood glucose level which in turn can prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of GDM. Safety during pregnancy is paramount and exercises such as low exerting forces such as yoga can be safe for both mother and fetus.

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Efficacy of Yoga on Pregnancy Outcome

Abstract: An integrated approach to yoga during pregnancy is safe. It improves birth weight, decreases preterm labor, and decreases IUGR either in isolation or associated with PIH, with no increased complications.

Cited by 181 publications

References 51 publications

Mechanism of development of pre-eclampsia linking breathing disorders to endothelial dysfunction

Mechanism of development of pre-eclampsia linking breathing disorders to endothelial dysfunction

Cortisol and anxiety response to a relaxing intervention on pregnant women awaiting amniocentesis

Physiological effects of yoga asanas and pranayama on metabolic parameters, maternal, and fetal outcome in gestational diabetes

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