Efficacy of transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of hematospermia

Yağcı, Cemil; Küpeli, Sadettin; Tok, Cisel; Fítöz, Suat; Baltacı, Sümer; Göğüş, Orhan

doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(03)00157-8

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A high index of suspicion justifies non-invasive imaging. Ultrasonography (US) sometimes visualizes closed cystic lesions in the anatomic region of Cowper's gland (20)(21)(22). US has even been used to diagnose open syringocele.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current diagnosis and management of syringocele: a review

Melquist¹,

Sharma²,

Sciullo³

et al. 2010

Int. braz j urol.

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Cowper's syringocele is a rare but an under-diagnosed cystic dilation of the Cowper's ducts and is increasingly being recognized in the adult population. Recent literature suggests that syringoceles be classified based on the configuration of the duct's orifice to the urethra, either open or closed, as this also allows the clinical presentations of 2 syringoceles to be divided, albeit with some overlap. Usually post-void dribbling, hematuria, or urethral discharge indicate open syringocele, while obstructive symptoms are associated with closed syringoceles. As these symptoms are shared by many serious conditions, a working differential diagnosis is critical. Ultrasonography coupled with retro and ante grade urethrography usually suffices to diagnose syringocele, but supplementary procedures -such as cystourethroscopy, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging -can prove useful. Conservative observation is first recommended, but persistent symptoms are usually treated with endoscopic marsupialization unless contraindicated. Upon reviewing the literature, this paper addresses the clinical anatomy, classification, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of syringoceles in further detail.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current diagnosis and management of syringocele: a review

Melquist¹,

Sharma²,

Sciullo³

et al. 2010

Int. braz j urol.

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“…TRUS should be performed in patients over 40 years of age and in those with symptomatic or recurrent hematospermia; it may also help alleviate stress in an anxious patient whose workup has been otherwise negative. TRUS is a safe, inexpensive and effective diagnostic modality that should be used to evaluate the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vasa deferentia and ejaculatory ducts [31], and although it is useful in detecting lesions, it is not able to diagnose cancer on its own. A TRUS-guided biopsy or aspiration may be performed concomitantly if a lesion or obstruction is detected.…”

Section: Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematospermia: etiological and management considerations

Leocádio

Stein

2008

Int Urol Nephrol

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Hematospermia is an anxiety-provoking sign that is usually due to inflammatory or infectious causes. Recurrent or symptomatic hematospermia may herald more serious underlying pathology, especially in those patients over 40 years old. A thorough evaluation is warranted to both rule out more serious pathology and to adequately address patient anxiety. With modern imaging techniques, the number of "idiopathic" cases should be much lower than historically reported.

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“…It is a relatively frequent urologic condition, which causes severe anxiety to patients and may be caused by inflammation, obstructive cystic lesions, calculi, benign or malignant neoplasms, and stasis [4,20,21]. However, malignancies are rare instances in causing hematospermia.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study where pancreatic stones were shown to have similar composition as SV calculi, it suggested that the lack of proteases be linked to SV stone formation [23]. SV cysts appear as large, anechoic masses on TRUS [4]. …”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients presenting with these stones may also be asymptomatic or symptomatic by expressing symptoms of peritoneal or testicular pain, painful ejaculation, low ejaculate volumes, hematospermia, or infertility. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) screening has been introduced in evaluating patients, detecting SV calculi in patients with hematospermia [4]. Due to the rarity of this condition, the etiopathogenesis of the stone formation is unclear to many clinicians leading to misdiagnosis and lack of awareness to various treatment protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Seminal Vesicle Stones

Zaidi¹,

Gandhi

Seyam³

et al. 2019

Current Urology

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Background/Aims: Seminal vesicle (SV) stones are a rare, and thus readily misdiagnosed condition in practice. Understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and management are crucial to guide a urologist's care, and are provided in this literature review. Methods: The inclusion criteria for the literature search, using the search engines MEDLINE® and PubMed was conducted using a combined query of “seminal vesicle stone” and the following keywords: calculi, hematospermia, calcification, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Results: The etiology of SV stones is currently unknown where majority of the patients present with having painful ejaculation and hematospermia. However, clinicians have reported potential etiologies by categorization as an inflammatory or non-in-flammatory. A majority of the previous cases had shown multiple stones being present in the SV duct system that are typically diagnosed through radiological examination such as TRUS, MRI, or plain radiographs. Amongst the many imaging approaches, TRUS remains the primary imaging diagnoses of SV calculi. Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has shown to be used in an abundant of the case reports to be an ideal surgical approach for managing small SV stones. In regard to larger stones, a transperitoneal laparoscopic protocol is proper. Conclusion: The current imaging techniques have increased the case reports and diagnosis of SV calculi; however, more research is warranted for understanding the pathogenesis of the formation of SV stones. An optimal management of the extraction of SV stones depends on a number of factors such as size and location.

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Efficacy of transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of hematospermia

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Current diagnosis and management of syringocele: a review

Current diagnosis and management of syringocele: a review

Hematospermia: etiological and management considerations

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Seminal Vesicle Stones

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