Efficacy of Topical Treatments for Chrysaora chinensis Species: A Human Model in Comparison with an In Vitro Model

DeClerck, Matthieu P.; Bailey, Yvonne; Craig, David; Lin, Michelle; Auerbach, Lauren J.; Linney, Olivia; Morrison, Doug; Patry, Wyatt L.; Auerbach, Paul S.

doi:10.1016/j.wem.2015.10.008

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Additional remedies, such as papain, have been found to be of benefit for the stings of some species ( Table 1 and [ 136 ]), but can hardly be found in loco .…”

Section: Further Considerations and Hints For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings

Costa

Morabito

Spada

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Cnidaria include the most venomous animals of the world. Among Cnidaria, Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) are ubiquitous, abundant, and often come into accidental contact with humans and, therefore, represent a threat for public health and safety. The venom of Scyphozoa is a complex mixture of bioactive substances—including thermolabile enzymes such as phospholipases, metalloproteinases, and, possibly, pore-forming proteins—and is only partially characterized. Scyphozoan stings may lead to local and systemic reactions via toxic and immunological mechanisms; some of these reactions may represent a medical emergency. However, the adoption of safe and efficacious first aid measures for jellyfish stings is hampered by the diffusion of folk remedies, anecdotal reports, and lack of consensus in the scientific literature. Species-specific differences may hinder the identification of treatments that work for all stings. However, rinsing the sting site with vinegar (5% acetic acid) and the application of heat (hot pack/immersion in hot water) or lidocaine appear to be substantiated by evidence. Controlled clinical trials or reliable models of envenomation are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of these approaches and identify possible species-specific exceptions. Knowledge of the precise composition of Scyphozoa venom may open the way to molecule-oriented therapies in the future.

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“…Additional remedies, such as papain, have been found to be of benefit for the stings of some species ( Table 1 and [ 136 ]), but can hardly be found in loco .…”

Section: Further Considerations and Hints For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings

Costa

Morabito

Spada

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…Urine, a commonly believed folk remedy for jellyfish stings, was even worse than seawater ( Figure 4 ), which aligns with out TSA data showing it elicits ~50% discharge of all cnidae types. These results stress the importance of evaluating first aid protocols using functional activity assays rather than solution-only tests, as they add to a growing number of studies that have shown in vitro examinations are not necessarily predictive of clinically relevant effects [ 22 , 23 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only study examining potential removal methods was conducted more than 30 years ago, relied solely on in vitro examination of nematocyst discharge in response to potential rinse solutions, and did not include quantitative results, raw data images, or statistical comparisons between treatments [ 21 ]. Recent work has demonstrated that nematocyst discharge in vitro has limited (if any) correlation to sting severity as measured by direct functional assays [ 22 ] or human clinical trials [ 23 ]. Similarly, the only study supporting the use of cold packs for pain relief was uncontrolled and contained no statistical analysis [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cyanea capillata Sting Management Protocols Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Envenomation Models

Doyle

Headlam

Wilcox

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Lion’s mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) stings cause severe pain and can lead to dangerous systemic effects, including Irukandji-like syndrome. As is the case for most cnidarian stings, recommended medical protocols in response to such stings lack rigorous scientific support. In this study, we sought to evaluate potential first aid care protocols using previously described envenomation models that allow for direct measurements of venom activity. We found that seawater rinsing, the most commonly recommended method of tentacle removal for this species, induced significant increases in venom delivery, while rinsing with vinegar or Sting No More® Spray did not. Post-sting temperature treatments affected sting severity, with 40 min of hot-pack treatment reducing lysis of sheep’s blood (in agar plates), a direct representation of venom load, by over 90%. Ice pack treatment had no effect on sting severity. These results indicate that sting management protocols for Cyanea need to be revised immediately to discontinue rinsing with seawater and include the use of heat treatment.

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“…28 Furthermore, both bromelain and papain have been indicated to be useful to neutralize snake venom proteins. 7 Papain, which is reported to be used in traditional medicine for several uses, is known also to break down pro-inflammatory peptides and venom toxins; 19,29 the inactivation of venoms seems to occur mainly when papain is experimentally mixed with venom before treatment. 30 Our data could reveal significant aspects for the use of active principles as protective agents in pharmaceutical products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the cytotoxicity of eurytele nematocysts from <em>Pelagia noctiluca</em>

Morabito

Cornara²,

Spada

et al. 2021

J Biol Res

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Some species of Cnidarians, well known venomous organisms, are able to induce serious health problems as well as economic and social trouble. A lot of data show that cnidarian venoms can be cytotoxic to cultured cells. Therefore, a priority of the research is to find tools which could counteract the damaging activity of venoms. In this connection, the modulatory effects exerted by extracts of plants Ananas comosus (L.) and Carica papaya (L.) on cytotoxicity of heterotrichous microbasic eurytele nematocysts isolated from the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca was evaluated. The nematocyst extract induced strong cytotoxicity at highest tested doses with reduction of cell survival below 40% and IC50 value of 40×103 nematocysts/mL. Both plant extracts significantly improved the survival of cells, so that the IC50 resulted 74×103 and 100×103 nematocysts/mL in the presence of A. comosus and C. papaya extracts, respectively, both used at 10 and 100 μg/mL. Taking into account that heterotrichous microbasic eurytele nematocysts are present mainly in tentacles, which Pelagia noctiluca utilizes both for predation and defence, this result is particularly interesting from both ecological and sanitary point of view and demonstrates the potential of these plants extracts against cnidarian venoms.

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Efficacy of Topical Treatments for Chrysaora chinensis Species: A Human Model in Comparison with an In Vitro Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings

Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings

Evaluation of Cyanea capillata Sting Management Protocols Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Envenomation Models

Inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the cytotoxicity of eurytele nematocysts from <em>Pelagia noctiluca</em>

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