“…For example, (1) in a solar cell, the higher the photon absorption inside the active material, the more electricity will be generated, and (2) in a solar still, the efficiency of the still can be enhanced by heating/vaporization of water by sunlight. At present, there is sufficient available literature discussing the optimal device design, choice of materials, and material structures for achieving better efficiency (Duffie and Beckman, 1991;Riffat and Cuce, 2011;Shukla and Modi, 2017;Modi and Nayi, 2020). However, in order to resolve the energy problem, researchers are still trying to develop innovative technologies and devices that reduce the use of conventional sources of energy.…”