Efficacy of color discrimination tests used in dentistry

Simionato, Andressa; Pecho, Óscar E.; Bona, Álvaro Della

doi:10.1111/jerd.12673

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Thus, the VSM from two experienced researchers was considered as a reference. A recent study 9 showed that the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue test or the test for color discrimination competency in dentistry should be applied to evaluate the experience of the observers. Thus, the two experienced researchers performed both tests, exhibiting a superior color discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study was approved by the local Ethics in Research Com- The observers showed normal color vision, which was tested using the 24-plate Ishihara's test for color blindness, 9 and attended a lecture on color matching in dentistry before performing the shade matching procedure. A total of four shade matching sessions were carried out, two for each methodology (VSM and PSA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual shade matching (VSM), which is performed comparing the color of the teeth with a commercially available dental shade guide, 1–3 is the most widely implemented method for color matching in dentistry 4 . However, as it depends on the observer, it is considered a subjective procedure and is influenced by several factors 5–10 . Due to the drawbacks of VSM, some instruments have been developed for performing a quantitative color analysis 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 However, as it depends on the observer, it is considered a subjective procedure and is influenced by several factors. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Due to the drawbacks of VSM, some instruments have been developed for performing a quantitative color analysis. 11,12 Spectrophotometers and colorimeters are commonly used in in vitro studies for quantifying color differences due to their high reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the experiments, two of the researchers (male dentists of 25 and 45 years old, with clinical experience in esthetic dentistry of 3 and 20 years, respectively) performed three tests: The Ishihara test (I) to detect color vision deficiency, the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test (FM) to evaluate their color experience, and the test for color discrimination competency in dentistry (CDCD). 9 Finally, these researchers carried out both tests (VSM and PSA) with the two same patients but in different times. This exercise was used as the pilot study, to perform a calibration, and to define the matches for VSM and PSA using both color difference formulas for both target teeth.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis

Rondón

Ramírez

Pecho

2022

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective To compare the performance of a standardized photographic shade analysis (PSA) and visual shade matching (VSM) using two color difference formulas. Materials and Methods Fifty observers (35 undergraduate and 15 graduate students) evaluated the color of two upper left central incisors (LT—light tooth, and DT—dark tooth). VSM was performed using the VITA 3D Master (3D) shade guide in a controlled clinical environment. For PSA, a cross‐polarized filter and a gray card (Whibal) were used to standardize the photographs taken (target teeth and shade tabs from 3D). From the pictures obtained, the CIELAB coordinates, and color differences (normalΔEab* and ΔE00) were obtained. The shade tabs selected by two experienced researchers were conducted as part of the pilot study, and finally used as a standard for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi‐square test (p ≤ 0.05). Results Shade tabs selections of VSM and PSA agreed only for LT. The best “Match” selected by the researchers agreed with data from PSA using ΔE00. PSA using ΔE00 showed higher total percentages of “Match” and higher percentage of agreement among observers. A relationship was found for LT performing the PSA (p < 0.05). Conclusions The performance of the PSA was better than the VSM, but only when the CIEDE2000 color difference formula was used. Therefore, the color difference formulas influenced on the performance of PSA. Finally, the PSA improved the precision of the VSM. Clinical Significance To use a standardized PSA to improve the VSM and shade communication in clinical esthetic dentistry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis

Rondón

Ramírez

Pecho

2022

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Development of 3D‐Printed Glasses for Color Vision Deficiency

et al. 2022

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Color distinction is vital in daily life practices as it aids in identifying and distinguishing different objects along with emphasizing the visual perceived information. Yet, color vision deficiency (CVD) or colorblindness is a very common congenital disorder that limits the ability of the patient to distinguish between shades of certain colors. [1] CVD patients experience difficulties in distinguishing colors in their daily lives, such as traffic lights, LED lights on some devices, ripened or raw vegetables and fruits, and colors of sports' jerseys along with an overall depression stemming from the idea that they cannot enjoy a variety of aesthetical experiences (Figure 1). Moreover, according to prior studies, approximately 7%-8% of male population and 0.4%-0.5% of female population are suffering from congenital CVD. [2,3] Human eyes perceive colors with the help of photoreceptor cells also known as cone cells present in the eye's retina. [4,5] The cone cells are categorized based on the wavelengths they are sensitive toward, that is, short (S), medium (M), and large (L); those are also commonly termed as blue, green, and red cone cells, respectively (Figure 1E-H). Moreover, normal color vision is trichromatic, in which all three cones are present in the eye and are well functioning; however, colorblind patients usually suffer from a missing or faulty cone cell. According to the latter, CVD can be divided as follows: protanomaly (faulty L-cone) or protanopia (missing L-cone), deuteranomaly (faulty M-cone) or deuteranopia (missing M-cone), and tritanomaly (faulty S-cone) or tritanopia (missing S-cone). Further, protans and deutans are commonly categorized as red-green CVD patients whereas tritans are usually referred to as blue-yellow CVD patients. [6] Among these types of CVDs, red-green is the most common. [7,8] Furthermore, there are several methods for determining the CVD type and its severity. One of these approaches is the use of pseudoisochromatic testing plates, which seem to be of a single color to people suffering from CVD. The Ishihara test is the most popular and is commonly available among the optometrists. [9,10] There are many variations of the test, each with a different number of tests plate, but the 38-plate version is the most common. The Ishihara test can only detect red-green colorblindness and cannot classify a patient as a protan, deutan, or tritan. [11] Other tests, such as Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR), Fransworth-Munsell (FM) 100 Hue, and Fransworth D-15, can be used to get such detailed information. [12,13] Another testing method involves the usage of anomaloscopes, which utilize control knobs that reflect the form and severity of the CVD. [14] Anomaloscopes use control knobs to align two images with their color brightness. They are the most complex to use, even though they offer a reliable classification of all CVD conditions.

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Color Selection in Operative Dentistry

Salgado¹,

Oliveira

2022

Color Science and Shade Selection in Operative Dentistry

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Efficacy of color discrimination tests used in dentistry

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis

Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis

Development of 3D‐Printed Glasses for Color Vision Deficiency

Color Selection in Operative Dentistry

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