Efficacy of a twice-daily, 3-step, over-the-counter skincare regimen for the treatment of acne vulgaris

Rodan, Katie; Fields, Kathy; Falla, Timothy J.

doi:10.2147/ccid.s125438

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that manifests clinically as non-inflammatory comedones or inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules ( Yentzer et al, 2010 ; Bhate and Williams, 2013 ). Three primary factors are implicated in its pathophysiology – sebum oversecretion, abnormal keratinocyte desquamation leading to ductal obstruction, and superimposed inflammation mediated by Propionibacterium acnes ( Dawson and Dellavalle, 2013 ; Agak et al, 2014 ; Fox et al, 2016 ; Dreno et al, 2017 ; Picardo et al, 2017 ; Rodan et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Skin Dyshomeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis

et al. 2018

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The adult intestine hosts a myriad of diverse bacterial species that reside mostly in the lower gut maintaining a symbiosis with the human habitat. In the current review, we describe the neoteric advancement in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota communicates with the skin as one of the main regulators in the gut-skin axis. We attempted to explore how this potential link affects skin differentiation and keratinization, its influence on modulating the cutaneous immune response in various diseases, and finally how to take advantage of this communication in the control of different skin conditions.

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Section: Dysbiosis and Skin Dyshomeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis

et al. 2018

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“…So far very few clinical studies have been comprehensively designed and published to demonstrate the additional boosting effect of a multistep regimen. The ones published are mainly related to dermatological issues such as acne, xerosis, and pruritus or one acne-prone skin., 147 , 148 Relevant skin care regimen can target the previously identified signs of unhealthy perceived skin after 1-month product usage. 149 Sticking to a skin care regimen over a period of 6 months can prove beneficial, in comparison to shorter length of use.…”

Section: Beauty Routinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Skin Interactome: A Holistic “Genome-Microbiome-Exposome” Approach to Understand and Modulate Skin Health and Aging

Khmaladze¹,

Leonardi²,

Fabre³

et al. 2020

CCID

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Higher demands on skin care cosmetic products for strong performance drive intense research to understand the mechanisms of skin aging and design strategies to improve overall skin health. Today we know that our needs and influencers of skin health and skin aging change throughout our life journey due to both extrinsic factors, such as environmental factors and lifestyle factors, as well as our intrinsic factors. Furthermore, we need to consider our microflora, a collection of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which is a living ecosystem in our gut and on our skin, that can have a major impact on our health. Here, we are viewing a holistic approach to understand the collective effect of the key influencers of skin health and skin aging both reviewing how each of them impact the skin, but more importantly to identify molecular conjunction pathways of these different factors in order to get a better understanding of the integrated “genome-microbiome-exposome” effect. For this purpose and in order to translate molecularly the impact of the key influencers of skin health and skin aging, we built a digital model based on system biology using different bioinformatics tools. This model is considering both the positive and negative impact of our genome (genes, age/gender), exposome: external (sun, pollution, climate) and lifestyle factors (sleep, stress, exercise, nutrition, skin care routine), as well as the role of our skin microbiome, and allowed us in a first application to evaluate the effect of the genome in the synthesis of collagen in the skin and the determination of a suitable target for boosting pro-collagen synthesis. In conclusion, we have, through our digital holistic approach, defined the skin interactome concept, as an advanced tool to better understand the molecular genesis of skin aging and further develop a strategy to balance the influence of the exposome and microbiome to protect, prevent, and delay the appearance of skin aging signs and preserve good skin health condition. In addition, this model will aid in identifying and optimizing skin treatment options based on external triggers, as well as helping to design optimal treatments modulating the intrinsic pathways.

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“…The design should include consideration of potential confounding factors, such as patient demographics, medical history, antibiotic and cosmetic use, site and surface topography, relevant anatomical structure, and selection of appropriate sampling tools and sites. 80 Contamination is also a very common issue in skin microbiome studies, as the microbial biomass is limited. Often a large number of participants and samples are required to achieve sufficient statistical power to arrive at meaningful results.…”

Section: Sampling Methods and Study Design Influence Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also necessary to consider and implement suitable study designs and validate appropriate sampling according to the specific needs defined by skin and pathophysiology. The design should include consideration of potential confounding factors, such as patient demographics, medical history, antibiotic and cosmetic use, site and surface topography, relevant anatomical structure, and selection of appropriate sampling tools and sites . Contamination is also a very common issue in skin microbiome studies, as the microbial biomass is limited.…”

Section: Microbial Dysbiosis In Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The role of skin microbiota in acne remains to be fully elucidated. Initial culture‐based investigations were hampered by growth rate and selective media bias. Even with less biased genomic methods, sampling, lysis and methodology, the task of describing acne pathophysiology remains challenging. Acne occurs in sites dominated by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Malassezia species, both of which can function either as commensal or pathogen. Objectives This article aims to review the current state of the art of the microbiome and acne. Methods The literature regarding the microbiome and acne was reviewed. Results It remains unclear whether there is a quantitative difference in microbial community distribution, making it challenging to understand any community shift from commensal to pathogenic nature. It is plausible that acne involves (i) change in the distribution of species/strains, (ii) stable distribution with pathogenic alteration in response to internal (intermicrobe) or external stimuli (host physiology or environmental) or (iii) a combination of these factors. Conclusions Understanding physiological changes in bacterial species and strains will be required to define their specific roles, and identify any potential intervention points, in acne pathogenesis and treatment. It will also be necessary to determine whether any fungal species are involved, and establish whether they play a significant role. Further investigation using robust, modern analytic tools in longitudinal studies with a large number of participants, may make it possible to determine whether the microbiota plays a causal role, is primarily involved in exacerbation, or is merely a bystander. It is likely that the final outcome will show that acne is the result of complex microbe–microbe and community–host interplay.

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Efficacy of a twice-daily, 3-step, over-the-counter skincare regimen for the treatment of acne vulgaris

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis

The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis

The Skin Interactome: A Holistic “Genome-Microbiome-Exposome” Approach to Understand and Modulate Skin Health and Aging

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

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