Effects on capillary fluid permeability and fluid exchange of albumin, dextran, gelatin, and hydroxyethyl starch in cat skeletal muscle

Abstract

We conclude that capillary fluid permeability is decreased by albumin and dextran, unchanged by HES, and increased by gelatin. This and the differences in the rebound effect may contribute to the differences in the plasma volume expanding properties of the respective colloid. The increased blood flow induced by the colloids was more an effect of reduced vascular tone than of lowered blood viscosity.

Plasma volume expansion and transcapillary fluid exchange in skeletal muscle of albumin, dextran, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, and saline after trauma in the cat*

“…The ability to plug the membrane pores may vary between colloids (21,44). Dextran, gelatin, and HES are neutral molecules whereas albumin is negatively charged, which may restrict its penetration (40).…”

“…The benefit of a colloid as plasma volume expander is due to its effective osmotic absorbing force combined with the rate of clearance from the circulation, the latter being related to the rate of extravasation, the rate of degradation, and renal and gastrointestinal losses (15,20). There may also be a direct effect of the solution itself on microvascular permeability (21).…”

Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) 130/0.4 Provides Larger and Faster Increases in Tissue Oxygen Tension in Comparison with Prehemodilution Values than HES 70/0.5 or HES 200/0.5 in Volunteers Undergoing Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution

“…In healthy volunteers undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution, the newly designed HES 130/0.4 showed a more pronounced and earlier increase of skeletal muscle tpO 2 in comparison with prehemodilution values than HES 70/0.5 or 200/0.5. H ydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are colloids that are routinely used as intravascular volume substitutes, e.g., in case of bleeding, during acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) for reduction of allogeneic blood transfusions (1), and to improve rheology by decreasing the blood viscosity (Vis) and vascular tone (2,3). Improved rheology is normally followed by increased tissue oxygen tension (tpO 2 ), which can be monitored by surface electrodes or polarographic needle probes (4).…”

Endotoxin increases both protein and fluid microvascular permeability in cat skeletal muscle

“…Factors and mechanisms determining pore permeability have not been fully clarified, but the degree of intraendothelial (cytoskeletal) filament contraction, the charge of the endothelial cell in relation to the charge of the permeating macromolecule, the interendothelial pore area, the pore type, the glycocalyx, and the interstitial matrix may be involved (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”