Effects of yolkin on the immune response of mice and its plausible mechanism of action

Comparative Studies of Yolkin Preparations Isolated from Egg Yolks of Selected Bird Species

“…Recently it was proved that yolkin may play an important role in the development of an embryo's immune system by induction of maturation and stimulatory signals in immature T and B cells. Treatment of mice with yolkin diminished the percentage of double positive cells, caused growth of the content of single positive CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the thymus and the level of CD19+B cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes [13] . It was also shown that yolkin being an endogenous regulator for immune system plays an important role in regulation of central nervous system functions.…”

Importance for humans of recently discovered protein compounds – yolkin and yolk glycopeptide 40, present in the plasma of hen egg yolk

“…Recently, Obmińska-Mrukowicz et al (2020) provided some insight regarding the mode of immunomodulatory activity of Y. The results of their study in mice showed that Y influences the development of the immune response and the phenotype of cells in lymphoid organs.…”

“…Treating mice with Y diminished the percentage of double-positive cells and caused the growth of the content of single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the thymus and the level of CD19+B cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. T cells were affected by Y as evidenced by a significant increase of mature thymocyte subset, stimulation of mitogen-induced proliferation of thymocytes, and activation of MAP kinases in Jurkat cells ( Obmińska-Mrukowicz et al, 2020 ).…”

Yolkin, a Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk, Affects Cytokine Levels and Leukocyte Populations in Broiler Chicken Blood and Lymphoid Organs after In Ovo Administration

“…However, it is well worth noting that, regardless of the protein pattern, yolkin exhibits similar biological properties [26]. It has been shown that yolkin, when used as an exogenous substance, presents immunoregulatory and neuroprotective activity [24,25,[27][28][29][30][31]. As an immunomodulator, yolkin is capable of inducing the secretion of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and has various effects on nitric oxide (NO) production [24,25,27,28].…”

“…As an immunomodulator, yolkin is capable of inducing the secretion of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and has various effects on nitric oxide (NO) production [24,25,27,28]. Moreover, our previous study, conducted in vitro and in vivo, showed that yolkin promotes the maturation of immunocompetent cells (T and B lymphocytes) and stimulates the humoral immune response [29]. Still, the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of yolkin is not fully understood.…”