Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells

Abstract

BackgroundCigarette smoke a recognized risk factor for many systemic diseases and also oral diseases. Human beta defensins (HBDs), a group of important antimicrobial peptides expressed by the epithelium, are crucial for local defense and tissue homeostasis of oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of whole cigarette smoke (WCS) exposure on the expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells.MethodsImmortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells were exposed to WCS for various time periods. HBD-1, -2 and -3 expression and subcellular localization were detected by real time qPCR, immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy. According to the relative fluorescent intensity, the expression levels of HBD-1, -2 and -3 were evaluated by digital image analysis system. The alteration of HBD-1, -2 and -3 secretion levels was measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.ResultsWCS exposure remarkably attenuated HBD-1 expression and secretion while clearly enhanced HBD-2, -3 expression levels and HBD-2 secretion by Leuk-l cells. It appeared that there was no significant effect of WCS exposure on HBD-3 secretion.ConclusionsWCS exposure could modulate expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells, establishing a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides. The present results may give a new perspective to investigate smoking-related local defense suppression and oral disease occurrence.

Effect of Smoking on the Expression of Human Beta-Defensin-2 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid after Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy

“…(37) the expression level of hβD-2 and hβD-3 in GCF among the smoking group was significantly lower than that in the non-smoking group. Also, The mRNA expression level of hβD-2 and hβD-3 in the smoking group was weakened compared with that in the non-smoking group indicating that smoking may have a negative effect on the immune defense system of the periodontal host, however, this study is in agreement with another study by Wang et al (2015) (38) demonstrating that the whole cigarette smoke (WCS) exposure remarkably attenuated hβD-1 expression and secretion while clearly enhanced hβD-2 and hβD-3 expression levels, suggesting a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides.…”

Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis

“…BDs are important antimicrobial peptides in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expressions are associated with periodontal disease. 42 Previous studies have demonstrated that healthy gingival tissues present greater expressions of BD-1, BD-2, and BD-3 than tissues of patients with periodontitis. [43][44][45] In the present study, it is possible the exposition of epithelial cells to B. lactis HN019 before induction of periodontitis and during the course of the disease have potentiated the expression of BDs.…”

“…A significantly greater expression of BDs was observed in group EP‐HN019 compared with group EP. BDs are important antimicrobial peptides in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expressions are associated with periodontal disease 42 . Previous studies have demonstrated that healthy gingival tissues present greater expressions of BD‐1, BD‐2, and BD‐3 than tissues of patients with periodontitis 43–45 .…”

Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of human defensins: pathogenetic value and prospective application to medicinal therapy

“…При изучении концентрации β-дефенсина HBD-2 в смывах из ротоглотки и со слизистой бронхов, по-лученных у курящих больных внебольничной пнев-монией, установлено выраженное подавление меха-низмов врожденного иммунитета, которое частично нивелировалось при повышении концентрации пе-рекиси водорода и активности каталазы. Высказа-но предположение, что при курении увеличивается продукция ИЛ-8 и снижается синтез β-дефенсина HBD-2 клетками эпителия ротовой полости [227].…”