Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis

Dattilo, Anne M.; Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/56.2.320

Cited by 914 publications

(540 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The magnitude of these changes per kilogram of weight loss is similar to earlier findings; 34 however, the largest change occurred within 4 wk of commencing the diet, suggesting that dietary lipid profile and/or ER have a greater impact than total weight loss. Indeed, previous studies have shown that HP diets improve plasma lipid profile in the absence of weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

2005

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OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects two high-protein (HP) diets that differ in dietary calcium and protein source on weight loss, body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, markers of liver function, fibrinolysis and endothelial function and blood pressure. DESIGN: Randomized, parallel study (12 wk of energy restriction, 4 wk of energy balance) of high dairy protein/high-calcium (DP, 2400 mg Ca/d) and high mixed protein/moderate calcium (MP, 500 mg Ca/d) diets (5.5 MJ/d, 34% protein, 41% carbohydrate, 24% fat). SUBJECTS: In all, 50 healthy, overweight (age 25-64 y; body mass index 25-35 kg/m 2 ;) males (n ¼ 20) and females (n ¼ 30). RESULTS: Loss of total weight (À9.773.8 kg), fat mass (À8.370.4 kg) and lean mass (À1.670.3 kg) were independent of dietary group. Improvements in fasting insulin, lipids, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and markers of liver function, fibrinolysis and endothelial function were independent of dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Increased dietary calcium/dairy foods in an energy-restricted, HP diet does not affect weight loss or body composition. Weight reduction following increased protein diets is associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes that are not affected by protein source.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

2005

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“…Fourth, greater weight reduction in the vegetarian groups was found compared with omnivorous groups (−2.88 kg, 95% CI −3.56 to −2.20, P <0.001) (Figure 5). Weight reduction was significantly associated with decrease of TC and LDL‐C50; therefore, some of the effect of the change in TC and LDL‐C in this meta‐analysis could be a consequence of weight loss. Fifth, our analysis covers a long time span of 30 years, with the oldest study performed in 1982 and the latest trial conducted in 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2015

JAHA

256

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BackgroundVegetarian diets exclude all animal flesh and are being widely adopted by an increasing number of people; however, effects on blood lipid concentrations remain unclear. This meta‐analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the overall effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids.Methods and ResultsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library through March 2015. Studies were included if they described the effectiveness of vegetarian diets on blood lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride). Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes by using a random‐effects model. We performed subgroup and univariate meta‐regression analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eleven trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Vegetarian diets significantly lowered blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the pooled estimated changes were −0.36 mmol/L (95% CI −0.55 to −0.17; P<0.001), −0.34 mmol/L (95% CI −0.57 to −0.11; P<0.001), −0.10 mmol/L (95% CI −0.14 to −0.06; P<0.001), and −0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.50 to −0.10; P=0.04), respectively. Vegetarian diets did not significantly affect blood triglyceride concentrations, with a pooled estimated mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L (95% CI −0.05 to 0.13; P=0.40).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that vegetarian diets effectively lower blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Such diets could be a useful nonpharmaceutical means of managing dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia.

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“…Also, weight regain will be undetected in short-term studies because it occurs slowly in over 80% of people who lose weight. 2,19,20 Clinically important weight loss, defined by obesity experts as loss of 5-10% of baseline weight, [21][22][23][24] may improve lipid, glucose, and blood pressure levels, [25][26][27] with potential reductions in cardiovascular disease. [28][29][30] However, it is unclear if weight loss improves risk factors in all obese persons or only in high-risk groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice

et al. 2005

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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a common health problem that requires a long-term care approach. We systematically reviewed long-term (Z2 y) studies investigating dietary/lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical weight loss methods to assess (1) weight loss efficacy, defined by absolute weight loss and the proportion of subjects with Z5% weight loss, (2) effects of weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors, and (3) applicability of findings from studies to everyday clinical practice. METHODS: The MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies investigating the long-term efficacy of weight loss methods in overweight and obese adults. Data were extracted for (i) weight loss after 1 y (pharmacologic studies only), 2 y, 3 y, and 4 y, (ii) proportion of subjects with Z5% weight loss at the end of follow-up, and (iii) changes (end-of follow-up minus baseline values) in blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS: Dietary/lifestyle therapy provides o5 kg weight loss after 2-4 y, pharmacologic therapy provides 5-10 kg weight loss after 1-2 y, and surgical therapy provides 25-75 kg weight loss after 2-4 y. Weight loss of Z5% baseline weight is not consistently associated with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and these benefits appear to be intervention specific and occur mainly in people with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. Weight loss studies have methodologic limitations that restrict the applicability of findings to unselected obese people assessed in everyday clinical practice. These limitations include an inadequate study duration, large proportions of subjects lost to follow-up, a lack of an appropriate usual care group, and a lack of reporting of outcomes in high-risk subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary/lifestyle and pharmacologic weight loss interventions provide modest weight loss, and may improve markers of cardiovascular risk factors although these benefits occur mainly in patients with cardiovascular risks. Studies investigating weight loss have methodologic limitations that restrict the applicability of findings to obese patients assessed in clinical practice.

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Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis

Cited by 914 publications

References 83 publications

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Systematic review of long-term weight loss studies in obese adults: clinical significance and applicability to clinical practice

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