Effects of timber harvest on structural diversity and species composition in hardwood forests

Tavankar, Farzam; Bonyad, Amir Eslam

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d160101

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Some studies have shown a decline in stem density in forests with the removal of fuelwood and fodder from live-standing trees (Jiang et al 2015;Tavankar & Bonyad 2015), but there was little evidence of this occurring in our study area. Stem density is generally associated with the intensity of silviculture practices such as thinning (Thomas et al 1999), which is adopted by almost every CF in Charnawati to extract fuelwood and timber.…”

Section: Relationships Between Plant Diversity Attributes and Forest contrasting

confidence: 65%

Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests

2016

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SUMMARYReducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the sustainable management of forests and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (‘REDD+’) aims to improve local livelihoods and conserve plant diversity while limiting carbon emissions. Yet trade-offs and synergies that exist between supporting livelihoods, protecting plant diversity and maintaining forest ecosystem services are poorly documented. We used forest inventory data and community-group records to assess trade-offs and synergies between carbon, plant diversity and forest products in 19 community forests managed under REDD+ in Nepal. Trade-offs were prevalent for carbon, whereby community forests with relatively high carbon values had relatively low values for plant diversity or forest products provision, and vice versa. Synergies occurred between plant diversity and forest products provision (fuelwood and fodder), suggesting that forests with relatively high plant diversity values were also important for providing critical forest products to local communities. This study shows that conserving forests for carbon should not impinge greatly on the flow of forest resources to at least some local communities; however, promoting carbon storage will not necessarily protect plant diversity. These findings should help guide future REDD+ policy for community forests.

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Section: Relationships Between Plant Diversity Attributes and Forest contrasting

confidence: 65%

Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests

2016

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“…However, Onaindia, Dominguez, Albizu, Garbisu, and Amezaga () showed that in northern Spain, U. glabra was the third most abundant tree in old‐growth forest (16% cover compared to 53% in dominant Quercus robur and 24% in Fagus sylvatica ), yet it was absent from clear‐cut areas felled 30 and 60 years ago. Similarly, Tavankar and Bonyad () found stem density of U. glabra was higher in protected forest (10.8 stems/ha) than in harvested stands (3.3 stems/ha; time since harvesting was unstated) in Iran. This suggests that U. glabra is sensitive to clear‐felling in open, warm areas, possibly due to the removal of shady, humid conditions created by surrounding trees.…”

Section: Response To Biotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

2018

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabraHudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.2. Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi-natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed.Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co-occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior. 3.Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year's growth. Seeds are wind-dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under-recorded.4. The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novoulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm.Fortunately for its long-term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.

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“…Forest protection should aim at ensuring that forests continue to perform all their productive, socio-economic and environmental functions in the future. It is widely accepted, that a structurally diverse stand provides living space for a larger number of organisms (Tavankar and Bonyad 2015). Iran is a country with low forest cover (UNFF 2005), so that only 7.3% of it is covered by forest areas (FAO 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species importance value (SIV) for each tree specious was calculated by: SIV= Relative density (RD) + relative frequency (RF) + relative dominance (RD). Basal area was considered for dominancy and relative dominance (RD) calculated by: RD = (basal area of a species × 100) / total basal area of all species (Amoroso et al 2011;Pourbabaei et al 2013;Tavankar and Bonyad, 2015). Confidence intervals on the means calculated as accuracy by: CI% = ( , where CI is confidence interval, is standard error, t 95% is t value in 95% confidence level from t table and is mean (Zobeiri 2007).…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of natural Juniperus excelsa stands in Northwest of Iran

Tavankar

2015

Biodiversitas

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Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. stands are important forest ecosystems in mountain areas of Iran. In this research the structure of J. excelsa stands was studied at altitudes of 1,400 to 1,900 m in northwest of Iran. The results showed that the mean densities of trees and seedling (trees with height up to 1.3 m) were 99.8 ± 32.0 and 70.5 ± 18.3 stem ha-1 , respectively. The juniper trees comprise 52.8% of the total tree density, while the juniper seedlings comprise 19.3% of total seedling density. The mean of basal area in this stand was 3.12 ± 0.3 m 2 ha-1 and the mean of canopy cover was 42.7 ± 17.9 percent. The mean of trees height was obtained 2.75 ± 1.1 m. The total of 28 woody species belonging to 14 families was recorded from the study area. The juniper trees had the maximum value of species importance value (SIV=87.3). Amygdalus lyciodes and Pistacia atlantica were two tree species that have high SIV values, 34.1 and 27.0, respectively.The distribution of trees density in different tree diameters resemble to a reverse J-shaped indicating uneven-aged structure. The results indicated juniper seedlings were increased by increasing stand crown cover (P< 0.01). Moreover extreme environmental conditions, grazing and timber harvesting for firewood are two important socioeconomic problems in these forests. These valuable stands needs to urgently conservation strategies.

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Effects of timber harvest on structural diversity and species composition in hardwood forests

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests

Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

Structure of natural Juniperus excelsa stands in Northwest of Iran

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