Effects of Ti surface treatments with silane and arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide on bone cell progenitors

Abstract

Achieving optimal aesthetic appearance is a major objective in dental implant design, and the interaction between the materials and the bone cell progenitors is an important factor in the attainment of this objective. In this study, a novel concept was evaluated by varying the surface modifications on titanium (Ti). Different levels of roughness can be attained by machine grinding (M), sand blasting, and acid etching (SLA) of the samples. The behavior of bone cell progenitors (D1) on the surfaces of Ti disks with different surface modifications was investigated. The surfaces of M or SLA disks were silanized (MS or SLAS group) through treatment with silane/Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide (MSP or SLASP group) and anchored particles of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) on the specimen surfaces (SLA-TTCP group). Physicochemical analysis was performed by metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. The proliferation and the quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production of D1 cells on the surface of different sample groups were determined. The SLASP group had a significantly larger D1 cell proliferation than the other groups after 4 and 7 d of incubation (p < 0.05). ALP expression was a very early marker of differentiation, and was the first indication of the increasing number of cells at 7 d of culture. Among the groups in the M substrate series (i.e., M, MS, and MSP) and in the SLA series (i.e., SLA, SLAS, and SLASP), the MSP and SLASP specimens exhibited superior differentiation abilities on respective cultures until day 7 and day 10. A high number of hydrophilic surfaces dominated cell proliferation in the early stage of cell attachment. However, factors affecting the pore structure and the surface morphology can improve cell proliferation and differentiation. According to analyses of proliferation and ALP expression of bone cell progenitors D1, the original SLA implant surface can be improved with surface treatment methods, such as silanization and treatment with graft GRGDS pentapeptide. These methods can be potential candidates for the promotion of bone growth.

Comparison of alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on different Ti surfaces: modified sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched (MSLA), laser-treated, and laser and acid-treated Ti surfaces

“…While Coombe et al 19 repeatedly reported that laser irradiation did not show a significant effect on the ALP activity, Cho et al 20 found that implant surfaces treated with laser show higher removal torque than turned implant surfaces. 21 Francisley et al suggested that laser-treated surface had regular cavities similar to honeycomb and showed excellent osseintegration. 22 The reason was that primary stability of implants was initially gained from mechanical fixation in the peripheral bone and then from bone remodeling, which occurred during the 2 nd and 4 th weeks after implantation.…”

Zinc oxide surface functionalization and related effects on corrosion resistance of titanium implants

“…In addition, ZnO thin films have their surface terminated by hydroxyl groups that can be functionalized by several molecules such as carboxylic acids, esters, acid chlorides and others bifunctional molecules [21], originating an effective control of the surface properties that can result in a more bioactive surface with enhanced corrosion T resistance. Previous studies have indicated that silane treatment on various substrate surfaces can promote cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and hydroxyapatite nucleation to improve osteoblast's adhesion [22,23]. Polyethylene glycol have been used on surface functionalization to obtain anti-infective medical implants because it can reduce the bacterial adhesion [24].…”