Effects of the vadose zone on groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics in mountainous karst aquifers – the case of the Javorniki–Snežnik massif (SW Slovenia)

Petrič, Metka; Kogovšek, Janja; Ravbar, Nataša

doi:10.3986/ac.v47i1.5144

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…With linear distances between injection points and the extraction wells in the Danube Valley of up to 18.5 km, the regional multi-tracer test covers a very large area. Tracer tests spanning comparable distances were undertaken by Kogovšek and Petric (2004); Petrič et al (2018) and Fronzi et al (2020).…”

Section: Regional Multi-tracer Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods

et al. 2022

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Water suppliers face major challenges such as climate change and population growth. To prepare for the future, detailed knowledge of water resources is needed. In southern Germany, the state water supplier Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung provides 3 million people with drinking water obtained from a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system and the river Danube. In this study, a combination of different tracing techniques was used with the goal of a multi-scale characterization of the aquifer system and to gain additional knowledge about groundwater flow toward the extraction wells in the Danube Valley. For the small-scale characterization, selected groundwater monitoring wells were examined using single-borehole dilution tests. With these tests, a wide range of flow behavior could be documented, including fast outflow within just a few hours in wells with good connection to the aquifer, but also durations of many weeks in low-permeability formations. Vertical flow, caused by multiple flow horizons or uprising groundwater, was detected in 40% of the tested wells. A regional multi-tracer test with three injections was used to investigate the aquifer on a large scale. For the highly karstified connection between a swallow hole and a spring group, high flow velocities of around 80 m/h could be documented. Exceptionally delayed arrivals, 250 and 307 days after the injection, respectively showing maximum velocities of 0.44 and 0.39 m/h, were observed in an area where low-permeability sediments overlay the karst conduits. With the chosen methods, a distinct heterogeneity caused by the geological setting could be documented on both scales.

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Section: Regional Multi-tracer Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods

et al. 2022

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“…To a lesser extent, Jurassic and Palaeogene carbonate rocks are also present. The thickness of the unsaturated zone is estimated to be up to several hundred meters (Petrič et al, 2018, and references therein). To the east, the hydrology of the area is controlled by a strike-slip fault zone, along which a chain of karst poljes developed (between 500 and 700 m; marked C on Fig.…”

Section: Unica Springs Sloveniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst spring discharge modeling based on deep learning using spatially distributed input data

Wünsch

Liesch

Cinkus

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Despite many existing approaches, modeling karst water resources remains challenging and often requires solid system knowledge. Artificial Neural Network approaches offer a convenient solution by establishing a simple input-output relationship on their own. However, in this context, temporal and especially spatial data availability is often an important constraint, as usually no or few climate stations within a karst spring catchment are available. Hence spatial coverage is often unsatisfying and can introduce severe uncertainties. To avoid these problems, we use 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to directly process gridded meteorological data followed by a 1D-CNN to perform karst spring discharge simulation. We investigate three karst spring catchments in the Alpine and Mediterranean region with different meteorologic-hydrological characteristics and hydrodynamic system properties. We compare our 2D-models both to existing modeling studies in these regions and to 1D-models, which use climate station data, as it is common practice. Our results show that our models are excellently suited to model karst spring discharge and rival the simulation results of existing approaches in the respective areas. The 2D-models learn relevant parts of the input data and by performing a spatial input sensitivity analysis we can further show their potential for karst catchment localization and delineation.

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“…Only a few studies that directly characterized the natural cave flowing water processes of karst cave systems have been conducted [14,15,22,23]. In this paper, through the dynamic monitoring of the water level of a leaking pool in Yuanyang Cave, a recession model was established to calculate the natural leakage and the infiltrated recharge of the vadose zone from above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recharge Process and Influencing Meteorological Parameters Indicated by Cave Pool Hydrology in the Bare Karst Mountainous Area

et al. 2021

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Understanding the recharge and runoff processes of the vadose zone is significant for water resource management and utilization in karst mountain areas. Hydrological modeling of the vadose zone in karst caves has provided new methods of evaluating water resources in vadose zones. This paper provides modeling of vadose zone hydrology in a subtropical karst cave. The monitoring was conducted in Yuanyang Cave, Fengshan County, Guangxi Province, Southwest China. By monitoring the water level of a pool recharged by drop water in a cave, a model was established to calculate the natural leakage from the bottom and the infiltrated recharge from the vadose zone above. Combined with meteorological data records, the occurrence of recharge events in the vadose zone was analyzed. The correlation between them was established by multiple linear regression. The results showed that the infiltration ratio of precipitation was 20.88%. Recent rainfall of 4–7 days had shown a greater impact on recharge events than that of 3 days. The effect of evaporation was significant. The regression model in the cave pool was used to understand the hydrological process of the vadose zone, which provided a useful method for water resource management and evaluation in the remote karst mountain area.

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Effects of the vadose zone on groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics in mountainous karst aquifers – the case of the Javorniki–Snežnik massif (SW Slovenia)

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods

Multi-scale characterization of a complex karst and alluvial aquifer system in southern Germany using a combination of different tracer methods

Karst spring discharge modeling based on deep learning using spatially distributed input data

The Recharge Process and Influencing Meteorological Parameters Indicated by Cave Pool Hydrology in the Bare Karst Mountainous Area

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