Effects of temperature and ammonium on growth, pigment production and nitrogen uptake by four species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) native to the New England coast

Kim, Jang K.; Kraemer, George P.; Neefus, Christopher D.; Chung, Ik Kyo; Yarish, Charles

doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9150-7

Cited by 115 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Further to this, Morgan and Simpson (1981b) utilized apical plant sections, likely contributing to improved nutrient uptake, whereas the current study made use of whole thalli. Younger tissues typically have higher rates of nutrient uptake, due to faster growth and greater proportion of cells in direct contact with the medium than older plant segments (Hafting 1999, Kim et al 2007. These values for growth rates in experimental conditions compare favourably for those found in nature of 4% d -1 in actual commercial harvests on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia (Lukeman et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Corey¹,

Kim²,

Duston³

et al. 2014

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Palmaria palmata was integrated with Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus on a commercial farm for one year starting in November, with a temperature range of 0.4 to 19.1°C. The seaweed was grown in nine plastic mesh cages (each 1.25 m 3 volume) suspended in a concrete sump tank (46 m 3 ) in each of three recirculating systems. Two tanks received effluent water from tanks stocked with halibut, and the third received ambient seawater serving as a control. Thalli were tumbled by continuous aeration, and held under a constant photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D). Palmaria stocking density was 2.95 kg m -3 initially, increasing to 9.85 kg m -3 after a year. Specific growth rate was highest from April to June (8.0 to 9.0°C), 1.1% d -1 in the halibut effluent and 0.8% d -1 in the control, but declined to zero or less than zero above 14°C. Total tissue nitrogen of Palmaria in effluent water was 4.2 to 4.4% DW from January to October, whereas tissue N in the control system declined to 3.0-3.6% DW from April to October. Tissue carbon was independent of seawater source at 39.9% DW. Estimated tank space required by Palmaria for 50% removal of the nitrogen excreted by 100 t of halibut during winter is about 29,000 to 38,000 m 2 , ten times the area required for halibut culture. Fifty percent removal of carbon from the same system requires 7,200 to 9,800 m 2 cultivation area. Integration of P. palmata with Atlantic halibut is feasible below 10°C, but is impractical during summer months due to disintegration of thalli associated with reproductive maturation.Key Words: bioremediation; IMTA; integrated multi-trophic aquaculture; nutrient removal; Palmaria INTRODUCTIONMany aquaculture businesses are intent not only on maximizing productivity and profitability, but also accomplishing this using environmentally responsible practices. Efficient use of energy (e.g., pumping of water) and natural resources (surrounding environment, ambient water supply, and waste streams) are key elements in this approach. Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems facilitate greater control over culture water and waste discharge than flow-through systems (Blancheton et al. 2009). Though the surrounding environment may be enhanced by moderate volumes of aquaculture discharge (White et al. 2011), the trend toward larger land-based facilities (e.g., 1,000 metric tons finfish production per year) and the associated effluent waste may pose a risk of local eutrophication. Alternatively, integration of seaweed and land-based marine finfish culture can convert these nutrients to a usable product. Previous investigations into land-based seaweed integration have included Gracilaria For this study, integration of Palmaria palmata and Atlantic halibut was established within a land-based recirculating aquaculture facility for one year to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of the seaweed in a commercial application. This study was essential to compare the bioremediation capacity of P. palmata under both lab and small-scale applied conditions...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Total tissue N and C were determined for each biomass survey. N removal was calculated using the following equation after Kim et al (2007) . Growth rate then declined to 0% d -1 in early July when temperature reached 13.5°C and remained at or below zero growth until the end of the experiment in October.…”

Section: Growth and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Corey¹,

Kim²,

Duston³

et al. 2014

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“…This result suggests that a land based IMTA system could be a good way to resolve the pH problem. Fish effluent also provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of seaweed (Neori et al 2000, Martínez-Aragón et al 2002, Matos et al 2006, Kim et al 2007, Corey et al 2013. The use of fish effluent for seaweed cultivation requires that particulate matter be filtered before entering the seaweed tanks.…”

Section: Effects Of Co 2 Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a sustainable land-based Gracilaria cultivation system

Kim¹,

Yarish²

2014

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Land-based seaweed (Gracilaria) cultivation systems may provide products with high quality and biosafety for human consumption, as well as for other high value applications. However, a limitation for this land based system is high management costs. The objective of this study was to determine if the management costs for Gracilaria cultivation can be reduced without a decrease in productivity by using CO 2 injection along with a high stocking density and high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and commercially available fertilizers. When Gracilaria tikvahiae was cultivated at a high stocking density and high PAR, coupled with CO 2 enhancement, the productivity was significantly higher than that at a lower stocking density, low light without CO 2 injection. We also found that G. tikvahiae grown in a medium of commercially available fertilizer (Jack's Special, JS) showed a similar growth rate and productivity to that grown in von Stosch's enriched (VSE) seawater, while the cost for JS media is only 2% of the cost for VSE. These results suggest that CO 2 injection and commercial fertilizer may be a potential way to provide sustainability in land-based Gracilaria cultivation systems.Key Words: carbon dioxide; fertilizer; Gracilaria; land based aquaculture; nutrients, sustainability INTRODUCTIONGracilaria is one of the world's most cultivated seaweeds with over 0.8 million tons of annual production and nearly $160 million annual values (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2014). Most of the biomass is used in the phycocolloid industry as the main source of food grade agar (Pereira and Yarish 2008) and as a feed for animals (Qi et al. 2010, Johnson et al. submitted). Gracilaria contributes approximately 66% of the total agar production (Pereira and Yarish 2008). Gracilaria has been cultivated mainly in three different ways, including open water, pond or tank cultures (Hanisak 1987, Abreu et al. 2011. In general, both open water and pond cultures require a nursery (tank culture) system to provide sufficient seedstock through vegetative propagation. One important advantage of tank cultivation is the ease of controlling the culture system (Pereira et al. 2013). This ensures that production meets high quality standards and biosafety for human consumptions, as well as for other high value applications such as cosmeceutical or pharmaceutical products. A limitation for tank culture, however, is high management costs (Hanisak and Ryther 1984, Caines et al. 2014).One way to overcome this challenge is to cultivate seaweed at high stocking densities. However, Lapointe and Ryther (1979) reported that the pH in culture tanks of Gracilaria tikvahiae when grown at a high stocking density increased to ca. 9.0, which resulted in the reduction of yields. Studies on Chondrus crispus revealed that the first inorganic element to be depleted in tank cultures is inorganic carbon, due to rapid absorption of CO 2 /HCO 3 -Received April 10, 2014, Accepted August 26, 2014 *Corresponding Author E-mail: jang.kim@uconn....

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“…Foliose Bangiales species (nori or laver) have long been the focus of intense investigations both from a biological and molecular perspective (Drew 1949;Krishnamurthy 1969;Conway and Cole 1977;Cole and Conway 1980;SidirelliWolff 1992;Orfanidis 2001;Klein et al 2003;Broom et al 2004;Bray et al 2006;Kim et al 2007;Brodie et al 2008;Sutherland et al 2011;Mols-Mortensen et al 2012). The genus Pyropia is not only the most speciose of the foliose Bangiales genera, but also contains the widest geographical distribution and largest morphological variation among its members (Sutherland et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, light level, photoperiod, and ammonium concentration on Pyropia leucosticta (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the Northwest Atlantic

Green

Neefus

2014

J Appl Phycol

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Seaweed aquaculture in the Northwest Atlantic is a growing industry that is currently based on winter-spring kelp production. Aquaculture of Pyropia leucosticta, a species of economically valuable nori, could provide a spring-summer crop and diversify the industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum conditions for the production of the foliose blade phase and the conditions for advancement from the microscopic conchocelis to the foliose blade phase of P. leucosticta. Foliose blades were grown under a matrix of temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C), photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, and 16:8 L:D), and light levels (30, 60, 110, and 250 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) for a period of 1 month. Free-living conchocelis was grown under a matrix of temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C), photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, and 16:8 L:D), and ammonium concentrations (20 and 500 μM) for 8-12 weeks. Blades grew optimally at 10 to 15°C, ≥110 μmol photons m −2 s −1 and ≥12 h of light in the day, with growth rates of over 18 % day −1 recorded. Phycobilin content of blades significantly decreased with increasing day length, while protein content significantly decreased with increasing light level. Conchospore release and germination was observed after approximately 40 days under all tested photoperiods, temperatures, and ammonium concentrations and none of these treatments significantly affected the time until germination. Overall, this study provides important background information required for the establishment of Pyropia leucosticta aquaculture in the Northwest Atlantic.

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Effects of temperature and ammonium on growth, pigment production and nitrogen uptake by four species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) native to the New England coast

Cited by 115 publications

References 33 publications

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Development of a sustainable land-based Gracilaria cultivation system

Effects of temperature, light level, photoperiod, and ammonium concentration on Pyropia leucosticta (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the Northwest Atlantic

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