Effects of swimming exercise on social isolation-induced memory impairment and apoptosis in old rats

Park, Sang Seo; Park, Hye-Sang; Kim, Tae-Woon; Lee, SamJun

doi:10.12965/jer.2040366.183

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cleaved caspase-3 expression and Bax to Bcl-2 ratio were increased by CCl 4 treatment, showing that CCl 4 initiated apoptosis ( Ko et al, 2020 ). In social isolation old rats, swimming inhibited Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression, indicating that apoptosis was supressed ( Park et al, 2020 ). Voluntary wheel running suppressed cleaved caspase-3 expression with Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression in the hippocampus of the brain inflammation rats ( Ko and Ko, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise improves short-term memory through inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mice with Parkinson disease

Kim

Baek

2021

J Exerc Rehabil

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Dysfunctions of Parkinson disease (PD) are classified into motor dysfunction, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and nonmotor dysfunction, and clinical symptoms such as muscle stiffness, tremors, speech disorders, balance disorders, and slow movements appear. Resistance exercise is a main compartment of exercise programs for PD patient. The effect of resistant exercise on short-term memory in PD mice was studied in relation to the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. PD was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. For resistance exercise, mice performed ladder climbing 5 days per week for 5 weeks.Step-down avoidance test for short-term memory, enzyme-linked immunoassay for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, Western bot for NF-κB, NF-κB inhibitor (IκB)-α, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and Bcl-2, and immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 were done. Latency time was shortened, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentration was increased, NF-κB expression and IκB-α phosphorylation were increased, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression was enhanced, and Bcl-2 expression was suppressed by PD induction. Latency time was lengthened, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentration was decreased, NF-κB expression and IκB-α phosphorylation were suppressed, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression was decreased, and Bcl-2 expression was increased in PD mice by resistance exercise or levodopa treatment. Resistance exercise improved short-term memory by inhibiting secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis through inactivation of NF-κB. These effects of resistance exercise were similar to levodopa treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise improves short-term memory through inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mice with Parkinson disease

Kim

Baek

2021

J Exerc Rehabil

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“…TUNEL staining is used to detect DNA fragmentation, which is characteristics of apoptosis. Social isolation in old rats increased TUNEL-positive cell number, indicating that social isolation promoted apoptosis (Park et al, 2020b). The Ki67 protein is present during all active stages of the cell cycle, such as G1, S, G2, and mitosis, but not in resting cells (G0).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Treadmill exercise alleviates short-term memory impairments of pups born to old and obese mother rats

Ko¹

2021

J Exerc Rehabil

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Obesity causes atrophy of the brain, leading to deterioration in working memory, learning, and cognitive function. The status of short-term memory in rat pups born to older obese mother rats was verified, and the effect of treadmill exercise on short-term memory in rat pups was investigated.Step-down avoidance test for short-term memory, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining for apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry for Ki67 for new cell generation were done. The old female rats were fed with normal diet (5% of fat), and the old and obese female rats were fed with high-fat diet (60% of fat) for up to 50 weeks in age (for 44 weeks in experimental period). The newborn rats were divided into four groups ac-cording to the conditions of the mother rats as follows: the rat pups group born to old rats, the rat pups group born to old rats with exercise, the rat pups group born to old and obese rats, the rat pups group born to old and obese rats with exercise. Maternal exercise improved shortterm memory, decreased TUNEL-positive cell number, and increased Ki67-positive cell number of the pups born to old and obese rats. Maternal exercise has been found to contribute to eliminating the health risks of fetuses born to old obese mothers.

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“…Tryptophan hydroxylase positive cell, 5-hydroxytryptamine positive cells, and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) expression have increased while BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) and cytochrome c expression were suppressed while swimming exercise. It was shown that swimming would lead to apoptosis prevention, reduced anxiety, and enhancement in social and learning capability in rats (114).…”

Section: Non-drug Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19: side effects and treatments

Taherizadeh¹,

Rahmani²,

Alidadi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine and staying at home is advised. The social relationship between people has become deficient, and human social isolation (SI) has become the consequence of this situation. It was shown that SI has made changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity, which will lead to poor cognitive function and behavioral abnormalities. There is a connection between SI, learning, and memory impairments. In addition, anxiety-like behavior and increased aggressive mood in long-term isolation have been revealed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Term searches was done in Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key resource journals from 1979–2020. Results: Studies have shown that some drug administrations may positively affect or even prevent social isolation consequences in animal models. These drug treatments have included opioid drugs, anti-depressants, Antioxidants, and herbal medications. In addition to drug interventions, there are non-drug treatments that include an enriched environment, regular exercise, and music. Conclusion: This manuscript aims to review improved cognitive impairments induced by SI during COVID-19.

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Effects of swimming exercise on social isolation-induced memory impairment and apoptosis in old rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Resistance exercise improves short-term memory through inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mice with Parkinson disease

Resistance exercise improves short-term memory through inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mice with Parkinson disease

Treadmill exercise alleviates short-term memory impairments of pups born to old and obese mother rats

Cognitive Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19: side effects and treatments

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