Effects of Sulfhydryl Compounds on the Accumulation, Removal and Cytotoxicity of Inorganic Mercury by Primary Cultures of Rat Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells

Abstract

The effects of sulfhydryl compounds on the accumulation, removal and cytotoxicity of inorganic mercury (Hg) were investigated in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells. The compounds investigated were 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, D-penicillamine, glutathione (GSH) and L-cysteine. In the accumulation experiment, the cells were co-incubated with Hg and the above compounds for 30 min. (short-term) or 18 hr (long-term). In the removal experiment, cells incubated with Hg were further incubated with the above compounds for 30 min. In both experiments, the alleviative effect of the compounds on the cytotoxicity was estimated by the uptake of neutral red or by cell growth. 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid had the highest antidotal effects except for Hg removal. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol exerted the least antidotal effects in the short-term, as well as in the long-term experiments, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol increased the Hg accumulation and the cytotoxicity despite its removal of most of the Hg. Although D-penicillamine, L-cysteine and GSH did not increase the Hg removal in the long-term experiment other antidotal effects were seen.

Effect of Mercuric Chloride Intoxication and Dimercaprol Treatment on σ‐Aminolevulinate Dehydratase from Brain, Liver and Kidney of Adult Mice

“…The potentiation of renal mercury toxicity by dimercaprol (as judged by ALA-D activity) suggests that one of the mechanisms underlying dimercaprol toxicity may be related to the pro-oxidant activity of the mercury-thiol complex (Miller & Woods 1993). Recently, Endo & Sakata (1995) demonstrated in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells that dimercaprol is capable of removing most of the previously deposited mercury; however, it increases the cytotoxicity and the accumulation of this metal when added simultaneously with mercury.…”

Effect of Mercuric Chloride Intoxication and Dimercaprol Treatment on σ‐Aminolevulinate Dehydratase from Brain, Liver and Kidney of Adult Mice

“…The potentiation of renal mercury toxicity by dimercaprol (as judged by ALA-D activity) suggests that one of the mechanisms underlying dimercaprol toxicity may be related to the pro-oxidant activity of the mercury-thiol complex (Miller & Woods 1993). Recently, Endo & Sakata (1995) demonstrated in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells that dimercaprol is capable of removing most of the previously deposited mercury; however, it increases the cytotoxicity and the accumulation of this metal when added simultaneously with mercury.…”

Synthesis, FT-Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial activity of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment is one of the most challenging and interesting areas of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [32][33][34][35][36]. Macrocycles having several sulfur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulfur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [30,37].…”

Synthesis, Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment are one of the most challenging and interesting area of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [27][28][29][30][31]. Macrocycles having several sulphur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulphur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [25,26].…”

Effect of Mercuric Chloride Intoxication and Dimercaprol Treatment on σ‐Aminolevulinate Dehydratase from Brain, Liver and Kidney of Adult Mice

“…The potentiation of renal mercury toxicity by dimercaprol (as judged by ALA-D activity) suggests that one of the mechanisms underlying dimercaprol toxicity may be related to the pro-oxidant activity of the mercury-thiol complex (Miller & Woods 1993). Recently, Endo & Sakata (1995) demonstrated in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells that dimercaprol is capable of removing most of the previously deposited mercury; however, it increases the cytotoxicity and the accumulation of this metal when added simultaneously with mercury.…”

Synthesis, FT-Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial activity of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment is one of the most challenging and interesting areas of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [32][33][34][35][36]. Macrocycles having several sulfur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulfur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [30,37].…”

Synthesis, Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment are one of the most challenging and interesting area of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [27][28][29][30][31]. Macrocycles having several sulphur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulphur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [25,26].…”

Effect of Mercuric Chloride Intoxication and Dimercaprol Treatment on σ‐Aminolevulinate Dehydratase from Brain, Liver and Kidney of Adult Mice

“…The potentiation of renal mercury toxicity by dimercaprol (as judged by ALA-D activity) suggests that one of the mechanisms underlying dimercaprol toxicity may be related to the pro-oxidant activity of the mercury-thiol complex (Miller & Woods 1993). Recently, Endo & Sakata (1995) demonstrated in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells that dimercaprol is capable of removing most of the previously deposited mercury; however, it increases the cytotoxicity and the accumulation of this metal when added simultaneously with mercury.…”

Synthesis, FT-Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial activity of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment is one of the most challenging and interesting areas of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [32][33][34][35][36]. Macrocycles having several sulfur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulfur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [30,37].…”

Synthesis, Raman, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding of new mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds

“…Detection and detoxification of the toxic metals on humans and as well as environment are one of the most challenging and interesting area of research. Treatment of both as acute and chronic exposure can be studied by chelation therapy [27][28][29][30][31]. Macrocycles having several sulphur donor atoms are critical for soft heavy metal detoxification, because sulphur atoms in its various forms are the primary binding site of many toxic metals [25,26].…”