Effects of Substance P and Substance P Antagonists on Rat Salivary Secretion

Bobyock, Emil; Barbieri, E; Chernick, Warren S.

doi:10.1177/00220345860650121001

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the first series of experiments, a 20% reduction in flow rate may be attributed to the action of the antagonist, whereas in the second series of experiments, the flow rate was reduced by as much as 50–70% and the secretory response to a bolus dose of substance P was reduced by 70–85%. The inhibitory action of the substance P‐antagonist currently used on salivary secretion has previously been demonstrated in the rat and the ferret (Ekström and Olgart, 1985; Bobyock et al , 1986; Ekström, 1998; Ekström and Ekström, 1998). At the low dose of the antagonist (0.25 mg kg −1 ), the substance P response at 0.5 μg kg −1 is reduced by 44% (Ekström and Olgart, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The secretory response to the standard doses of methacholine and substance P currently used is prompt, within a few seconds upon their intravenous administration, and the duration of the response is short, 1–2 min. The dose range chosen for the neuropeptide antagonists was taken from the literature (Ekström and Olgart, 1985; Bobyock et al , 1986; Ekström, 1998; Ekström and Ekström, 1998; Garcia‐Nicas et al , 2001; Juhl et al , 2006; Martinez et al , 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

2012

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Oral Diseases (2012) Objective: Olanzapine, introduced as an alternative to clozapine in schizophrenia therapy, is thought to display a receptor affinity similar to that of clozapine. Antipsychotics are well‐known xerogenic drugs. However, clozapine exerts both antagonistic and agonistic salivary effects (‘clozapine‐induced sialorrhea’), the latter probably via muscarinic M1 type of receptor. We hypothesise that olanzapine also has dual salivary effects. Material and methods: Effects of intravenous olanzapine were examined in rats, including those subjected to chronic preganglionic parasympathetic denervation (submandibular glands) or combined postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic denervation (parotid glands). Secretion was evoked reflexly, and by intravenous methacholine and the tachykinin substance P. Results: At 0.01–1 mg kg−1, olanzapine dose dependently reduced secretion in response to methacholine or reflex stimulus but not that to substance P. At 10 mg kg−1, olanzapine evoked a long‐lasting secretion, independent of the autonomic innervation as well as of α‐ and β‐adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors. The secretion was reduced, but not abolished, by a substance P receptor antagonist. Conclusions: Like clozapine, olanzapine evoked secretion. The response to olanzapine was greater and, in contrast to clozapine, involved non‐traditional gland receptors (such as substance P receptors). The findings imply that olanzapine plays an excitatory role via tachykinin receptors in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

2012

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“…20 The course of the TENS-induced miosis was slow in onset and long-lasting, and therefore comparable to that occurring in the rabbit eye upon tachykinin application 21 and to that induced by electrically-evoked tachykinin release in the isolated iris. 10 We have hypothesized that the TENS-induced miosis is due to the antidromic discharge of iris trigeminal fibres. These fibres could be activated through an axon reflex which could involve the afferent fibres of the infratrochlear nerve and the collaterals of the nasociliary nerve supplying the iris muscle.…”

Section: Iris Reactivity To Substance P and Transcutaneous Electricalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P Theory: A Unique Focus on the Painful and Painless Phenomena of Cluster Headache

et al. 1990

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These studies of cluster headache (CH) focus on two key features of pain transmission: a) sensory nerves when stimulated, as well as the expected afferent transmission, also display an efferent function which affects capillaries, glands, and smooth muscle (of the iris in CH); substance P (SP) and allied transmitters such as Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) are the main agonists of this dual afferent-efferent function; b) impaired pain transmission (deafferentation-like condition) provokes a rostral spread of neuronal irritability and automatic firing ("quasi epileptic foci") producing a clinical predilection for pain with the generation of "spontaneous" pains along the sensory pathways. The substrates studied in the present experiments are the iris, salivary glands, and nasal mucosa. 1) Iris: the conjunctival instillation of SP induces isocoric miosis both in CH sufferers and in normals, thus excluding gross SP receptoral dysfunction of the iris muscle in CH. Electrical stimulation of extraocular (infratrochlear) endings of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve provokes a miosis, which is significantly less in the symptomatic eye than in the contralateral one. This miosis is ascribed to a retrograde release of SP, induced by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ophthalmic branch. The relatively poor miosis in the painful eye could correlate with a deficient release of SP from the sensory terminals in the iris. 2) Salivary glands: an increase of substance P-like immunoreactivity is found in the saliva taken from the asymptomatic side, but not from the painful side during a cluster headache attack, thus showing at this level also an asymmetry as previously shown in other head structures. 3) Nasal mucosa: intranasal application of capsaicin, a powerful releaser of SP from sensory terminals, evokes an immediate burning pain in the ipsilateral nasal, ocular, and temporal areas, as well as lacrimation and rhinorrhea. A gradual decrease (tachyphylaxis) of these phenomena is consistently observed after few days of daily nasal administration of capsaicin. When this treatment is applied to CH patients, a rapid decrease in the number and intensity of attacks, and even disappearance of symptoms accompanies the decline of the capsaicin-induced manifestations. Local (nasal) capsaicin, in spite of evoking immediately the same vegetative (rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunctival congestion) and in part nociceptive (transient nasal, ocular, temporal burning) phenomena of CH, never has been able to provoke delayed spontaneous-CH like attacks. Such delayed provoked attacks, one of the most pregnant phenomena in CH investigations, are almost constantly evoked by systemic stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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The modulatory effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on methacholine- and substance P-induced salivary secretion in rats

Curry

Barbieri

1988

Prostaglandins

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Effects of Substance P and Substance P Antagonists on Rat Salivary Secretion

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

Substance P Theory: A Unique Focus on the Painful and Painless Phenomena of Cluster Headache

The modulatory effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on methacholine- and substance P-induced salivary secretion in rats

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