Effects of statins on myocarditis: A review of underlying molecular mechanisms

Parsamanesh, Negin; Karami‐Zarandi, Morteza; Banach, Maciej; Penson, Peter E.; Sahebkar, Amirhossein

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.02.008

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Statins lessen the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, accelerate the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and mitigate DNA damage [ 295 ]. Simvastatin, in particular, has been shown to mitigate radiation-induced enteric injury [ 296 ], to prevent radiation-induced marrow adipogenesis [ 297 ], to attenuate radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction in mice [ 298 ], and to reduce cardiac dysfunction and capsular fibrosis [ 299 ]. GT3 and simvastin provide synergic protection against radiation-induced lethality, hematopoietic and bone marrow injury compared to the single treatments [ 196 ].…”

Section: Medical Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

et al. 2022

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Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.

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Section: Medical Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry

et al. 2022

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“…Myocarditis is caused by cardiotropic infections or tissue damage, followed by a complex heart‐specific inflammatory response. It is a growing health concern and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality 1 . Myocarditis is an aberrant immune process, characterized by cardiomyocytic apoptosis and necrosis, as well as extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes/Mϕ along with myocardial interstitial remodeling 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B10 cells decrease fibrosis progression following cardiac injury partially by IL-10 production and regulating hyaluronan secretion

Chen

Liu

Lin

et al. 2021

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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B10 cells play negative roles in inflammatory disorders by producing IL‐10. However, their effects on fibrosis have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the dynamic changes of B10 cell frequency and their potential role in cardiac fibrosis. We found that the frequency of B10 cells was significantly increased, and they participated in the regression of fibrosis via IL‐10, particularly by accelerating hyaluronan secretion and inhibiting collagen deposition. In vivo, hyaluronan ablation or treatment significantly restricted cardiac fibrosis development. hyaluronan‐induced conversion of M1/M2 Mc was dependent on the size of hyaluronan. Low molecular weight hyaluronan promoted the conversion to M1 Mϕ, whereas medium and high molecular weight hyaluronan accelerated Mϕ transdifferentiation into the M2 phenotype. Adoptive transfer of B10 cells significantly attenuated collagen deposition whereas CD19−/− mice with reduced B10 cells exacerbated fibrosis following cardiac injury. Our results provide new evidence suggesting that B10 cells exert antifibrotic effects by regulating the extracellular matrix composition during cardiac injury, and also highlight that B10 cells may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for managing cardiac fibrosis‐associated disorders.

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“…Extra renal hydroxylase function depends on circulating levels of vitamin D, rather it could be stimulated by cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) [ 66 ]. Moreover, the macrophage 24- hydroxylase enzyme is a nonfunctional splice variant, so there is no negative feedback to regulate the local levels of 1, 25 D [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin D In Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%