Effects of spatial cuing on luminance detectability: Psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for early selection.

Luck, Steven J.; Hillyard, Steven A.; Mouloua, Mustapha; Woldorff, Marty G.; Clark, Vincent P.; Hawkins, Harold L.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.20.4.887

Cited by 462 publications

(482 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Whereas spatial selection was associated with enlarged P1 and N1 components to attendedlocation stimuli, the unattended stimuli within the attended object only elicited an enlarged N1. This is consistent with studies suggesting that the P1 and N1 index separate and dissociable processes involved in attentional selection (Luck et al, 1994). Specifically, it has been proposed that, while the P1 component reflects the suppression of irrelevant inputs, modulation of the N1 indexes a subsequent stage of facilitated processing and discrimination of relevant inputs (reviewed in Hopfinger et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These mechanisms are not identical, however, because a P1 amplitude modulation was only found with spatial attention. This is in accord with previous findings that point to different roles for the P1 and N1 components of the visual ERP in spatial attention (Luck et al 1994;Hopfinger et al 2004). Whereas the P1 component appears to index an early stage of processing at which inputs from unattended locations are suppressed, the N1 reflects a subsequent stage of enhanced discriminative processing of attended inputs.…”

Section: Physiological Evidencesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Location-selective attention effects are typically demonstrated in spatial cueing experiments in which stimuli at a pre-cued (attended) location are found to be detected and discriminated more rapidly and accurately than are stimuli at uncued locations (e.g. Posner et al 1980;Luck et al 1994). On the other hand, evidence is mounting that attention can be allocated to entire perceptual objects defined in terms of their distinctive boundary contours or cohesive groupings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial attention facilitates selection of illusory objects: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

2007

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The relationship between spatial attention and object-based attention has long been debated. On the basis of behavioral evidence it has been hypothesized that these two forms of attention share a common mechanism, such that directing spatial attention to one part of an object facilitates the selection of the entire object. In a previous study (Martinez et al., 2006) we used recordings of eventrelated potentials (ERPs) during a paradigm modeled after that of Egly et al. (1994) to investigate this relationship. As reported in numerous studies of spatial attention, we found the typical pattern of enhanced neural activity in visual cortex elicited by attended stimuli. Unattended stimuli belonging to the same object as the attended stimuli elicited a very similar spatiotemporal pattern of enhanced neural activity that was localized to lateral occipital cortex (LOC). This similarity was taken as evidence that spatial-and object-selective attention share, at least in part, a common neural mechanism. In the present study we further investigate this relationship by examining whether this spread of spatial attention within attended objects can be guided by objects defined by illusory contours. Subjects viewed a display consisting of two illusory rectangular objects and directed attention to continuous sequences of stimuli (brief onsets) at one end of one of the objects. Stimuli ocurring at irrelevant locations but belonging to the same attended object elicited larger posterior N1 amplitudes than that elicited by unattended objects forming part of a different object. This objectselective N1 enhancement was localized to lateral occipital cortex. The present data support the hypothesis that the allocation of spatial attention can be guided by illusory object boundaries and that this allocation strengthens the perceptual representations of attended objects at the level of visual area LOC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Physiological Evidencesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial attention facilitates selection of illusory objects: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

2007

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“…By contrast, in our study, sharing similarities with the experiment of Barnhardt et al (2008), we found an increase in P1m amplitude when the load level of the task at fixation increased. This finding suggests that, unlike the C1 modulations likely reflecting an early attentional gating process in V1, the apparent reduction of the P1 amplitude under LL potentially translates an active suppression mechanism operating in the extrastriate visual cortex (Luck et al, 1994), and aimed at downplaying the possible interference effect created by the distractor during early sensory stimulus processing. As such, these modulations of the P1m to the peripheral distractors with load would correspond to another, later attentional filtering mechanism relative to the C1 component, the former operating maximally during LL.…”

Section: Two-stage Model Of Attention Selection Influenced By Affectmentioning

confidence: 92%

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

NeuroImage

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Converging electrophysiological and brain-imaging results show that sensory processing in V1 can be modulated by attention. In this study, we tested the prediction that this early filtering effect depends on the current affective state of the participant. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual peripheral distractors while participants performed a demanding task at fixation, whose perceptual load was manipulated in a parametric fashion. Crucially, levels of negative affect were either increased or decreased independently of changes in perceptual load.Concurrent psychophysiological measurements and self-report scales confirmed that changes in emotional state were effective. In the control condition, ERP results showed that the C1 component generated in response to the exact same peripheral distractors systematically varied in amplitude with the amount of perceptual load imposed at fixation, being larger when perceptual load decreased. However, this early modulatory effect in V1 was disrupted when participants transiently experienced increased state anxiety, resulting in a decreased C1 amplitude even though task load at fixation remained low. These results suggest that early bottom-up processing in V1 is not only influenced by the amount of attention resources available, but also by the current internal state of the participant.

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“…Both clinical groups had smaller P1 and larger N1 amplitudes to baseline stimuli compared to healthy controls. The P1 component indexes the allocation of processing capacity to early visual attention and the suppression of irrelevant information (Luck et al, 1994). P1 amplitude increases with greater attention to stimuli during relatively early, sensory stages (Carretié et al, 2009;Hopfinger & Mangun, 2001).…”

Section: Other Between-group Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods: We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results: Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar RT deficits and ERP anomalies across several components, which correlated with psychopathology and RT priming. In OCD alone, N1 latency tended to increase to repeated stimuli, correlated with O-C symptoms, whereas it decreased in other groups. OCD-checkers had smaller target P2 amplitude than all other groups. Conclusions: Enhanced neural priming is not unique to OCD and may contribute to salient sensory-cognitive experiences in anxiety generally. These effects are related to symptom severity and occur to neutral stimuli and in the context of overall RT impairment, suggesting they may be clinically relevant and pervasive. The results indicate overlapping information-processing and neurobiological factors across disorders, with indications of OCD-specific trends and subgroup differences. Significance: This first electrophysiological investigation of OCD priming in OCD to include anxious controls and OCD subgroups allows for differentiation between overlapping and OCD-specific phenomena, to advance neurobiological models of OCD. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Highlights• We conducted the first electrophysiological investigation of repetition priming in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to include anxious and healthy controls and the first ERP study to consider OCD symptom subgroups.• Repetition priming was exaggerated in both OCD and panic disorder, and related to atypical ERP topography and symptom severity.• P2 amplitude to targets was significantly smaller in a non-washing/checking subgroup of OCD than all other groups. 3 AbstractObjective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods:We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/ NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results:Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar R...

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Effects of spatial cuing on luminance detectability: Psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for early selection.

Cited by 462 publications

References 78 publications

Spatial attention facilitates selection of illusory objects: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

Spatial attention facilitates selection of illusory objects: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

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