Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

Abstract

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced ( P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain ( P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration ( P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI ( P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.

Dietary Supplementation of Limosilactobacillus mucosae LM1 Enhances Immune Functions and Modulates Gut Microbiota Without Affecting the Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

“…However, hypersecretion of these cytokines can induce multiple organ dysfunction syndromes ( 32 ). While TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines that trigger immune responses, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits immune responses ( 33 ). In this study, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were linearly diminished, whereas IL-10 concentration was linearly augmented with the increasing doses of LM1 supplementation in the diet.…”

Energy values evaluation and improvement of soybean meal in broiler chickens through supplemental mutienzyme

“…In addition, there was a negative correlation between raffinose and GE ( Figure 1 ). It had been illustrated that raffinose could reduce nutrient digestibility and the growth performance of animals ( Zeng et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, the DM and GE digestibility of combined soybean meal 1 were significantly decreased compared with other soybean meals.…”

The content of raffinose oligosaccharides in legumes and their importance for animals

“…It is likely that RFOs are responsible for increasing digesta viscosity, which interferes with the digestion of nutrients. Zeng et al (2021) observed that dietary raffinose (0.2 and 0.5%) could reduce pig growth performance by decreasing feed intake and nutrient digestibility, while improving intestinal morphology and negatively affecting immunity. Reduction of oligosaccharide contents in soybean meals could increase the amount of soybean proteins in diets.…”

“…Fernando et al (2010) found that raffinose could modulate intestinal microbial composition and promote intestinal health in humans. Moreover, dietary RFO supplementation significantly reduced the production of odour compounds by modulating the caecal microbial community (Zeng et al, 2021). A single dose of RFOs delivered in ovo on day 12 of egg incubation beneficially modulated chick body systems and did not affect optimal performance (Stadnicka et al, 2020).…”