Effects of Skin Penetration Enhancers in Topical Antiaging Products Containing α-HydroxyAcids and Hyaluronic Acid

Abstract

Background: Transdermal drug delivery has several advantages and has been vastly investigated over the last decades. Chemical enhancers improve the quantity of drug penetration through the skin. Objectives: In this study, some conventional solvents and surfactants were used as enhancers to promote dermal penetration of α-hydroxyacids (AHA) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Materials and Methods: A total of 42 different formulations containing AHA or HA as the active ingredient and a solvent or surfactant as the enhancer were prepared. The experiments for determination of transdermal absorption of AHA or HA for each formulation were performed using a diffusion cell and a slice of chicken skin as model at 32℃. After 1.5 or 12 hours, samples from the medium were collected and analyzed for AHA or HA concentration. Results: After 1.5 and 12 hours, the maximum permeated amount of AHA were 89.8 and 342.5 mg, respectively, which related to the formulations with liquid paraffin. After 1.5 and 12 hours, the maximum permeated amount of HA were 57.3 and 70.6 mg, respectively, which related to the formulations with glycerol. Conclusions:The most effective enhancer for AHA and HA were liquid paraffin and glycerol, respectively. The most effective surfactant for both AHA and HA was Tween 80. The effects of the enhancers were increased by prolonging the exposure time.

Comparison of calcium phosphate and zinc oxide nanoparticles as dermal penetration enhancers for albumin

“…Since penetration of albumin into skin is very poor, it needs enhancers to permeate the skin efficiently. Because albumin is a hydrophilic high MW molecule[ 12 34 ] hindering it to pass the skin. The profile of albumin skin permeation showed its maximum after 1 h, which was 5±0.5 mg.…”

“…It has been reported that albumin which is non permeable through skin was able to cross the skin when administered CaP-NPs[ 13 ]. We have previously proved that CPEs were effective for enhancing the skin permeation of albumin and other proteins[ 33 34 ]. In this work, we studied effects, process and differences of CaP-NPs and ZnO-NPs in enhancing the skin permeation of albumin.…”

Comparative study for optimization of folic acid nanoparticles

“…show higher permeation and lower skin deposition than formulation without paraffins {F2}. This can be refered to that paraffins have permeation promoter effect [33]. In the paper reported by Ammar et al, skin deposition value of the chosen formulation was 28.85 % after 6 h experiment and permeation value of 36.4 % after 6 h.…”

Using a Synergistic Combination of Two Enhancers for Dermal Delivery of Collagen in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products

“…Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) should build blocks to make new skin microstructures without 3 irritation . CPEs include aliphatic acids, fatty acids, 1,8,9 esters, alcohols, oils, terpens and etc. .…”