Effects of several commercial or pure lactic acid bacteria inoculants on fermentation and mycotoxin levels in high-moisture corn silage

Gallo, Antonio; Fancello, Francesco; Ghilardelli, Francesca; Zara, Severino; Spanghero, M.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115256

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Despite the potential benefits of using LAB inoculants for preserving silage safety, Ogunade et al [ 4 ] reported that few studies have examined the use of mold-inhibiting chemical additives or microbial inoculants to prevent or reduce mycotoxin contamination during different ensiling stages. As recently reported [ 21 , 22 ], some LAB were able to reduce aflatoxin contamination in corn silage, whereas the same tested strains did not reduce these mycotoxins in high moisture corn. Furthermore, analysis of levels of mycotoxins detectable in silage indicated that LAB inoculants interacted with several fungal populations by changing the mycotoxin profile relative to untreated silage, thereby increasing levels of some mycotoxins and decreasing levels of others [ 16 , 17 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Ghilardelli

Barbato

Gallo

2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins should be monitored in order to properly evaluate corn silage safety quality. In the present study, corn silage samples (n = 115) were collected in a survey, characterized for concentrations of mycotoxins, and scanned by a NIR spectrometer. Random Forest classification models for NIR calibration were developed by applying different cut-offs to classify samples for concentration (i.e., μg/kg dry matter) or count (i.e., n) of (i) total detectable mycotoxins; (ii) regulated and emerging Fusarium toxins; (iii) emerging Fusarium toxins; (iv) Fumonisins and their metabolites; and (v) Penicillium toxins. An over- and under-sampling re-balancing technique was applied and performed 100 times. The best predictive model for total sum and count (i.e., accuracy mean ± standard deviation) was obtained by applying cut-offs of 10,000 µg/kg DM (i.e., 96.0 ± 2.7%) or 34 (i.e., 97.1 ± 1.8%), respectively. Regulated and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins achieved accuracies slightly less than 90%. For the Penicillium mycotoxin contamination category, an accuracy of 95.1 ± 2.8% was obtained by using a cut-off limit of 350 µg/kg DM as a total sum or 98.6 ± 1.3% for a cut-off limit of five as mycotoxin count. In conclusion, this work was a preliminary study to discriminate corn silage for high or low mycotoxin contamination by using NIR spectroscopy.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Ghilardelli

Barbato

Gallo

2022

Toxins

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“…Moreover, the lactobacillus are the main beneficial decomposers of silage fermentation, and their product lactic acid is one of the key indicators for determining the feed quality (Chen et al, 2021). It's worth note that high levels of lactic acid led to an increase in pH, and an acidic environment would be detrimental to the survival of spoilage bacteria (Gallo et al, 2022). For example, a previous study indicates the pH value can affect molds growth (Kia et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged drought regulates the silage quality of maize (Zea mays L.): Alterations in fermentation microecology

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Prolonged drought stress caused by global warming poses a tremendous challenge to silage production of maize. Drought during maize growth and development resulted in altered micro-environment for silage fermentation. How fermentation of silage maize responds to moisture scales remains uncharted territory. In this research, Maize water control trials were conducted and the silage quality and microbial community of drought-affected maize were determined. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the dry matter but increased root-to-shoot ratio, soluble sugar and malonaldehyde content in maize. Before fermentation, the crude protein, crude ash and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly increased but the ether extract content was decreased under drought. The crude protein and acid detergent fiber were significantly decreased in the drought affected group after fermentation. Furthermore, water stress at maize maturity stage greatly reduced the number of total bacteria in silage fermentation but increased the proportion of the lactobacillus and lactic acid content of silage. Drought stress alters the microbial ecosystem of the fermentation process and reconstitutes the diversity of the bacterial community and its metabolites. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of changes in silage fermentation as affected by abiotic stresses.

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“…Levilactobacillus brevis was the dominant species in SSK group. L. brevis is a heterofermentative strain that produces a part of the lactic acid and part of the acetic acid during the fermentation process, thereby improving aerobic stability (Gallo et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2018;Daniel et al, 2015). This is also the reason why the lactic acid content of silage at the full flowering stage was lower than that at the booting stage, while the acetic acid content was the highest.…”

Section: Microbial Community Compositions Of Fresh Materials and Sila...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growth stage on the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolomic properties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different growth stages (booting period-SYK; initial flowering-SCK; full flowering-SSK) on the fermentation quality, microbial community, metabolic pathways and metabolomic characteristics of Italian ryegrass silage.MethodsSingle molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were used to analyze bacterial communities and metabolites, respectively.ResultsAfter 60 d of fermentation, SYK had the lowest pH and the highest lactic acid content, which were significantly different from the other groups. The bacteria with the highest abundance in SYK, SCK and SSK groups were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (63.98%), Weissella minor (28.82%) and Levilactobacillus brevis (64.81%), respectively. In addition, among the main differential metabolites in different growth stages, the number of amino acids was the most, and the corresponding metabolic pathways were mainly amino acid metabolic pathways. The biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan was significantly enriched (p<0.01) at booting stage and full flowering stage. Purine metabolism and ABC transporter pathway were significantly enriched at the initial flowering (p<0.001). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum had a negative correlation with xanthine and ganoderic acid F. Weissella minor had a positive correlation with D-Mannose and ganoderic acid F. Levilactobacillus brevis had a positive correlation with xanthine, and Latilactobacillus sakei had a positive correlation with cinnamic acid, D-Mannose, 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid and uridine.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study reveals the interaction mechanisms between ryegrass raw materials at different growth stages and epiphytic microorganisms during ensiling fermentation, providing new ideas for screening functional lactic acid bacteria, and laying a theoretical foundation for the production of safe and high-quality silage.

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Effects of several commercial or pure lactic acid bacteria inoculants on fermentation and mycotoxin levels in high-moisture corn silage

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Prolonged drought regulates the silage quality of maize (Zea mays L.): Alterations in fermentation microecology

Effects of growth stage on the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolomic properties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

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