Effects of salinity on the ions important and sodium‐potassium ATPase in osmoregulation, cortisol, amino acids, digestive and immune enzymes in Scylla paramamosain during indoor overwintering

Abstract

Overwintering is an important part of the conservation of Scylla paramamosain, and salinity has an important effect on the conservation of S. paramamosain during overwintering. Three salinities (4‰, 12‰ and 25‰) were selected as the overwintering salinities to reveal the effects of different salinities on the relevant important ions in osmotic pressure regulation, plasma cortisol, digestive enzymes, immune enzymes and amino acids of S. paramamosain during indoor overwintering. Results indicated that after overwintering, Cl‐, Na+ and the osmotic pressure of serum have the highest salinity at 25‰, and the lowest salinity at 4‰. Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and cortisol were found to increase with decreasing salinity. The activity of digestive and immune enzymes was highest at 25‰, and was the lowest at 4‰. The amount of total amino acids (TAA), umami amino acids (UAA) and essential amino acids (EAA) in 25‰ were significantly higher than in 4‰ and 12‰. After overwintering, the essential amino acid index (EAAI) in the salinity range of 12–25‰ was 54.04–59.00, compared to 48.56–54.04 in the salinity range of 4–12‰. As a result, S. paramamosain at 25‰ had higher digestion and immunity than at 4‰ and 12‰, due to requiring more energy for osmotic pressure adjustment. In addition, S. paramamosain at 25‰ had the best meat quality. The results of this study are helpful for aquaculture production for indoor overwintering of S. paramamosain.

Transcriptome analysis reveals hepatopancreatic genes and pathways associated with metabolism responding to water salinities during the overwintering of mud crab Scylla paramamosain

“…The hierarchical clustering heat maps of DEGs for LS and HS groups are shown in Figure 1c. It is well‐known that metabolism plays an important role in salinity during overwintering in S. paramamosain (Zhou, Li, Wang, Mu, et al, 2020).…”

“…Amino acids play an important role in the metabolism of crustaceans, and they are particularly important for the adaptation to different salinities (Zhou, Li, Wang, Mu, et al, 2020). Amino acid metabolism determines oxidization through the Krebs cycle in order to produce carbon dioxide and water, and release energy (Li et al, 2019).…”

“…Salinity is one of the most important water quality factors for aquatic animals (Criales et al, 2011; Ikhwanuddin et al, 2012; Li et al, 2014). Previous studies have focused on growth (Chatterji et al, 2004; Zhou, Li, Wang, Mu, et al, 2020), osmotic regulation (Guo et al, 2014; Morgan & Iwama, 2005), cortisol regulation (Kiilerich et al, 2007; Tipsmark et al, 2016), physiological levels (Antunes et al, 2017; Jensen et al, 2002), amino acids and fatty acids (Glover et al, 2017; Sarker et al, 2011). In addition, metabolism varies under different salinity conditions (Claireaux & Lagardère, 1999; Santos et al, 2014).…”

Enhancement of Nutrient Composition and Non-Volatile Flavor Substances in Muscle Tissue of Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Through Inland Low Salinity Saline-Alkaline Water Culture

“…34,41 Interestingly, specific amino acids such as Met, Trp, Val, Ile, and Leu exhibit significant positive correlations with salinity, suggesting their unique biochemical functions in combating salinity stress. 47,48 In the correlation analysis of free nucleotides, it was observed that a majority of them exhibited a positive correlation with salinity, suggesting an influence of salinity on the nucleotide levels. Notably, our study identified a general positive correlation between free amino acids and nucleotides.…”

GC–MS‐based metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in overwintering scylla paramamosain at two different salinities

“…It is well known that salinity is one of the most important environmental factors affecting aquatic animals (Sara et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2016). Previous studies have focused on survival and growth (Pan et al, 2007; Romano & Zeng, 2006), osmotic regulation (Lu et al, 2019; Zhou, Li, Wang, Mu, et al, 2020), behaviour (Re et al, 2006; Shentu et al, 2015), gene expression (Hu et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2015) and physiological levels (Anger et al, 2008; Bianchini et al, 2008). Additionally, metabolism has been shown to be affected by salinity (Santos et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2017).…”