Effects of red, far‐red and blue light in maintaining growth in latitudinal populations of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)

Mølmann, Jørgen; Junttila, Olavi; Johnsen, Øystein; Olsen, Jorunn E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01408.x

Cited by 66 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our study, a 1:1 mixture of BFr and RFr promoted significant stem elongation compared with plants under either FL or BR, but lateral branching and leaf unfolding were inhibited in all species (data not shown). Enhanced elongation mediated by far-red rather than red light has been reported in Norway spruce (Picea abies) (Molmann et al, 2006), as well as in Pelargonium 'Penny Irene ~ (Appelgren, 1991 Betula pendula, with this effect being significantly greater under continuous R+Fr radiation. However, we observed inhibited stem elongation with the BR treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of mixed LED radiation on the growth of annual plants

2006

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We investigated the effect of mixed radiation from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth and flowering of ageratum, marigold, and salvia bedding plants. Blue, red, and far-red lights were applied under controlled environmental conditions for 28 d. Both the combination of blue-plus-red radiation as well as fluorescent lighting treatment (control) caused increases in dry weights, but shoot lengths were shortest when plants were exposed to blue plus red light compared with either red or blue plus far-red treatments. The number of floral buds as well as the occurrence of flower opening for ageratum and salvia plants was also enhanced under the blue plus red mixture. Likewise, carbohydrate accumulation was stimulated by that combination compared with the other radiation treatments.Keywords: chlorophyll, light-emitting diodes, mixture radiation, morphogenesis, starch Environmental conditions, such as relative humidity, temperature, light intensity, and light quality, commonly influence the growth and development of plants. Among these various factors, light quality affects stem elongation, lateral branching, leaf extension and pigmentation, and photosynthetic activity (Moe and Heins, 1990;Heo et al., 2003;Jayakumar et al., 2004). Desirable morphological characteristics can be obtained when horticultural plants are grown under less light and low temperatures, thereby reducing heat energy costs with only a minimal delay in their blooming (Merritt and Kohl, 1991 ).The objectives of this study were (1) to produce ageratum, marigold, and salvia bedding plants with compact growth, good branching, and a large number of flowers when treated with different mixtures of radiation sources, and (2) to evaluate the starch and sugar contents, as well as the optimum chlorophyll fluorescence, that would cause minimal or no delays in blooming when those plants were grown under various combinations of radiation provided by lightemitting diodes (LEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Materials and Growth ConditionsBedding plants of ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum Mill. cv. Blue Field), marigold (Tagetes erecta L. cv. Orange Boy), and salvia (Salvia splendens E Sello ex Ruem & Schult. cv. Red Vista) with two to four true leaves were used for our experimental materials. On Day 14 after sowing, all plants with two true leaves were transplanted to a plug tray (50 x 50 mm) filled with a soil mixture (BM1 ; Berger Horticulture, Canada) of 75 to 85% Canadian sphagnum peat moss, 15 to 20% perlite, and 4 to 10% vermiculite. Two types of liquid fertilizers, 20:10:20 and 14:0:14 (Plant Prod; Plant Products, Canada), were alternately applied at a rate of 100 ppm during the experimental period. We used an LED system (GF-320s; Good Feeling, Korea) comprising LED sticks, a panel, and a main controller to maintain a photosynthetic *Corresponding author; fax +82-43-272-5369 e-mail paekky@chungbuk.ac.kr photon flux (PPF) of 90 _+ 10 ~mol m -2 5 -1 over a 16-h photoperiod, as measured on an empty culture shelf. All plants were reared for 28 d in a growth c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of mixed LED radiation on the growth of annual plants

2006

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“…Recent phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that plant phytochromes were acquired in the last common ancestor of Archaeplastida and that the canonical plant phytochromes originated in an ancestor of streptophytes (Duanmu et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015). Although R/FR photoreversible responses and the distribution of phytochrome genes have been reported in several angiosperms (Mancinelli, 1994), gymnosperms (Alosi and Neale, 1992;Christensen et al, 2002;Mølmann et al, 2006), ferns (Haupt, 1985;Tsuboi et al, 2012), bryophytes (Hartmann and Jenkins, 1984), and charophytes (Weisenseel and Ruppert, 1977;Sokol and Stross, 1992), little is known about the molecular mechanisms of phytochrome signaling apart from those of Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that phytochrome signaling in a liverwort is mediated by a single PIF transcription factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2016

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ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0504-8196 (K. Ishizaki)Phytochromes are red light (R) and far-red light (FR) receptors that play important roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. Phytochromes mainly function in the nucleus and regulate sets of genes by inhibiting negatively acting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors named PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although R/FR photoreversible responses and phytochrome genes are well documented in diverse lineages of plants, the extent to which phytochrome signaling is mediated by gene regulation beyond angiosperms remains largely unclear. Here, we show that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, an emerging model basal land plant, has only one phytochrome gene, Mp-PHY, and only one PIF gene, Mp-PIF. These genes mediate typical low fluence responses, which are reversibly elicited by R and FR, and regulate gene expression. Mp-phy is light-stable and translocates into the nucleus upon irradiation with either R or FR, demonstrating that the single phytochrome Mp-phy exhibits combined biochemical and cell-biological characteristics of type I and type II phytochromes. Mp-phy photoreversibly regulates gemma germination and downstream gene expression by interacting with Mp-PIF and targeting it for degradation in an R-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the molecular mechanisms for light-dependent transcriptional regulation mediated by PIF transcription factors were established early in land plant evolution.

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“…At the molecular level of signalling photoperiod input is via the phytochrome system (Olsen and Junttila 2002;Mølmann et al 2006;Taulavuori et al 2009). It then feeds into the CO/FT regulatory module (CO = CONSTANS, FT = FLOWERING LOCUS T, a floral integrator gene).…”

Section: And Responses Of Membranes Including Thylakoids Of Chloroplamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and annual rhythms in trees

Lüttge

Hertel

2009

Trees

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Trees, perennial phanerophytes, display a rich variety of rhythmic phenomena. These are either due to exclusive environmental entrainment or due to the functioning of endogenous oscillators independent of the environment. Both types of rhythms are covered in this review. Purely environment controlled rhythms may be considered as a prelude to endogenous rhythms. Environment controlled rhythms discussed are (i) the diurnal rhythms of nyctinastic and heliotropic leaf movements and oscillatory phenomena of photosynthesis, such as the midday depression and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), and (ii) the annual rhythms of annual growth ring formation, autumnal leaf senescence, over wintering mechanisms and flowering. Among the diurnal rhythms, nyctinastic movements and CAM are also free-running endogenous rhythms showing the operation of circadian clocks in trees. In leaf senescence, over wintering, and flowering control, photoperiod sensing is involved which suggests the participation of endogenous clocks. A question asked is if diurnal and annual rhythms are mechanistically correlated. Evidently, phenological phenomena based on photoperiodism (as dependent on measurement of night length) are co-ordinately regulated by the phytochrome system and the circadian clocks and many aspects of annual developments and over wintering are linked to photoperiodism. The existence in trees of circadian clock genes as known to be anchored in the genome of A. thaliana can be assessed by attempts of alignment with the sequenced genome of Populus or by isolating cDNA clones from trees to check them against the genome of A. thaliana. At extreme latitudes near the equator and north of the polar circle trees also display photoperiod-independent phenological phenomena. In the polar region, total irradiance of red and far red light could possibly be involved and the signalling pathway then involves phytochrome, and thus, may still be similar to that of photoperiodism. At the equator, total daily light irradiance received or sensing the dynamics of daily changes in solar irradiance are essential and it remains enigmatic whether signalling cascades are either attached to the circadian clocks in a still unknown way or totally independent of circadian clocks.

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Effects of red, far‐red and blue light in maintaining growth in latitudinal populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of mixed LED radiation on the growth of annual plants

Influence of mixed LED radiation on the growth of annual plants

Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Diurnal and annual rhythms in trees

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