Effects of raw red beetroot consumption on metabolic markers and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes patients

Aliahmadi, Mitra; Amiri, Fatemehsadat; Bahrami, Leila Sadat; Hosseini, Agha Fatemeh; Abiri, Behnaz; Vafa, Mohammadreza

doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00798-z

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…mL −1 ) lowered the activity of acetylcholinesterase (by 93.3% as compared to 94.2% observed for the standard enzyme inhibitor donepezil at the same concentration) [ 34 ]. The consumption of raw beet (100 g a day for 8 weeks) significantly improved antioxidant activity as well as cognitive functions in a group of patients suffering from type II diabetes [ 35 ]. It was previously shown that beetroot can exert a positive action against toxic heavy metal ions in the context of neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Bioactive Compounds in Beetroot/Carrot Juice Have a Neuroprotective Effect? Morphological Studies of Neurons Immunoreactive to Calretinin of the Rat Hippocampus after Exposure to Cadmium

Matysek

Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Szalak

et al. 2022

Foods

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Cadmium ions (Cd2+) penetrate the blood–brain barrier and can, among other effects, influence intracellular calcium metabolism, leading to neurodegeneration. In the presented work, we estimated the effect of Cd2+ on the expression of calretinin in the neurons of the rat hippocampus and analyzed the reverse effect of freshly pressed beetroot/carrot juice in this context. In the 12-week lasting experiment, 32 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): the control group (C) received pure tap water; the Cd group (Cd)—received Cd2+ dissolved in tap water (5 mg Cd2+/kg b.w.); and two groups received beetroot/carrot juice: the BCJ group was administered only juice, and the Cd + BCJ group received juice with the addition of Cd2+ (5 mg Cd2+/kg b.w.). The exposition to low doses of Cd2+ caused a significant decrease in calretinin-immunoreactive (Cr-IR) neurons compared to the non-exposed groups. Moreover, the addition of Cd2+ to tap water reduced the numbers and length of Cr-IR nerve fibers. The negative effect of Cd2+ was significantly attenuated by the simultaneous supplementation of beetroot/carrot juice (Cd + BCJ). The study showed that the bioactive compounds in the beetroot/carrot juice can modulate Ca2+ levels in neurons, and thus, potentially act as a neuroprotective factor against neuronal damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Bioactive Compounds in Beetroot/Carrot Juice Have a Neuroprotective Effect? Morphological Studies of Neurons Immunoreactive to Calretinin of the Rat Hippocampus after Exposure to Cadmium

Matysek

Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Szalak

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Beetroot is abundant in minerals such as potassium, sodium, iron, copper, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, in addition to vitamins like retinol, ascorbic acid, biotin, niacin, and folate (9). So far, various interventional studies have addressed the implications of beetroot in cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, dementia, cognitive disorders, and diabetes mellitus (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, few clinical trials have been carried out regarding the anti-in ammatory effects of beetroot and its derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several interventional studies have addressed the impact of beetroot on cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, dementia, cognitive disorders, and diabetes mellitus (Aliahmadi et al, 2021;Bahadoran et al, 2018Bahadoran et al, , 2021Kapil et al, 2015;Presley et al, 2011;Volino-Souza et al, 2018). However, few clinical trials have been carried out regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of beetroot and its derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized clinical trial of beetroot juice consumption on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes

Karimzadeh

Behrouz

Sohrab

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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Background/Objectives Oxidative stress and chronic in ammation are both major underlying factors for the initiation and progression of diabetes as well as for the development of long-term diabetes-related consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) consumption on oxidative stress and in ammatory markers in patients with T2DM.Methods In this 12-weeks randomized clinical trial, forty-six patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the concentrated BJ or the control group. The BJ group received 12 ml concentrated beetroot juice twice daily, whereas the control group received no intervention. At baseline and the end of week 12, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured.Results Compared with control group, concentrated BJ reduced IL-6 (−0.1 vs. 0.83, p = .001), TNF-α (−1.28 vs. 5.51, p = .001), and NF-κB (−0.03 vs. 0.36, p = .005) after 12 weeks intervention; plasma concentration of MDA and hs-CRP did not change between groups after intervention. Intra-group comparison with paired t-test disclosed that daily BJ consumption could not change oxidative stress and in ammatory markers except for TNF-α compared with baseline values. However, the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB increased signi cantly in the control group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .001, p = .001, p = .021, respectively).Conclusions In conclusion, our study indicates that daily consumption of 24 ml concentrated BJ to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of some in ammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.Trial Registration This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the following identi cation: IRCT20150815023617N5.

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“…Overall, trials were characterized by small sample sizes (<30 participants), short duration (only one study had a duration of 10 weeks [ 28 ], whereas the remaining trials had a duration of less than two weeks), and most of the trials included healthy, normal-weight participants. In contrast, a recent study found that the consumption of raw beetroot for eight weeks improved components of cognitive function, including sustained attention, processing speed, and fatigue resistance, in older patients with diabetes [ 29 ]. The presence of effects in this sample could be due to the poorer health of these participants, including being overweight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Doses of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Do Not Modify Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow in Overweight and Obese Older Adults: A 13-Week Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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Nitrate-rich food increases nitric oxide (NO) production and may have beneficial effects on vascular, metabolic, and brain function. This pilot study tested the effects of prolonged consumption of a range of doses of dietary nitrate (NO3−), provided as beetroot juice, on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in overweight and obese older participants. The study had a 13-week single-blind, randomised, parallel design, and 62 overweight and obese older participants (aged 60 to 75 years) received the following interventions: (1) high NO3− (2 × 70 mL beetroot juice/day) (2) medium NO3− (70 mL beetroot juice/day), (3) low NO3− (70 mL beetroot juice on alternate days), or (4) placebo (70 mL of NO3−-depleted beetroot juice on alternate days). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessment battery. CBF, monitored by concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin, was assessed in the frontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy. The findings of this pilot study showed that cognitive function and CBF were not affected by supplementation with NO3−-rich beetroot juice for 13 weeks, irrespective of the NO3− dose administered. These findings require confirmation in larger studies using more sophisticated imaging methods (i.e., MRI) to determine whether prolonged dietary NO3− supplementation influences brain function in older overweight people.

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Effects of raw red beetroot consumption on metabolic markers and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes patients

Cited by 23 publications

References 78 publications

Can Bioactive Compounds in Beetroot/Carrot Juice Have a Neuroprotective Effect? Morphological Studies of Neurons Immunoreactive to Calretinin of the Rat Hippocampus after Exposure to Cadmium

Can Bioactive Compounds in Beetroot/Carrot Juice Have a Neuroprotective Effect? Morphological Studies of Neurons Immunoreactive to Calretinin of the Rat Hippocampus after Exposure to Cadmium

A randomized clinical trial of beetroot juice consumption on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes

Incremental Doses of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Do Not Modify Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow in Overweight and Obese Older Adults: A 13-Week Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial

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