Effects of prolonged low-level cadmium exposure on the tadpole immune system

Zettergren, Leslie D.; Boldt, B.W.; Petering, David H.; Goodrich, Mark S.; Weber, Daniel N.; Zettergren, Judy G.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90022-x

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Conversely, contradictory results were reported by some other studies. For example, Rana tadpoles exposed to CdCl 2 at lower concentrations (0.1-0.2 ppm) reported no effect on lymphocyte numbers but reported higher B lymphocytes at higher (0.8 ppm) concentrations (Zettergren et al, 1991). However, a growing body of literature indicates that the exposure to sublethal were tested under five concentrations (C 1 -C 5 ) of each heavy metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Parallel to changes found in WBC counts, splenocyte counts were also altered significantly in frogs inhabiting polluted wetlands (Zhelev et al, 2014c). Sublethal doses of Cd were reported to increase agglutination titers of hemoagglutination assay in adult Rana pipiens and larvae of Rana catesbeiana (Zettergren et al, 1988(Zettergren et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Heavy metal mediated immunomodulation of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura:Ranidae) in urban wetlands

Priyadarshani

Madhushani

Jayawardena

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Heavy metal mediated immunomodulation of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura:Ranidae) in urban wetlands

Priyadarshani

Madhushani

Jayawardena

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Frog adrenals have been used in vitro previously in endocrinological studies as a whole gland [21] or as individualized cells [22], but neither of these in vitro studies was oriented toward toxicology. f LC50 (96-h) value for injected tadpoles [33]. f LC50 (96-h) value for injected tadpoles [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of cadmium, endosulfan, and atrazine in adrenal steroidogenic cells of two amphibian species, Xenopus laevis and Rana catesbeiana

Goulet

Hontela

2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effects of cadmium, endosulfan, and atrazine on corticosterone secretion and viability of adrenal cells of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were assessed in vitro using a new bioassay. The bioassay relies on stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the endogenous secretagogue for corticosterone secretion, and with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP), an analogue of cAMP, to pinpoint the site of action of the xenobiotics within the steroidogenic cell. To compare the test toxicants according to their endocrine-disrupting potential, the lethal concentration needed to kill 50% of the cells:effective concentration of 50% (LC50:EC50) ratio was calculated, with LC50 as the concentration that kills 50% of the steroidogenic cells and the EC50 as the concentration that impairs corticosterone secretion by 50%. The higher the ratio, the higher the potential for endocrine disruption. Atrazine had no affect on cell viability and on corticosterone secretion in X. laevis, but its endocrine-disrupting potential was high in R. catesbeiana. The LC50:EC50 ratio for cadmium and endosulfan in X. laevis was 26.07 and 1.23, respectively, and for atrazine, cadmium, and endosulfan in R. catesbeiana it was 909, 41, and 3, respectively. The dbcAMP did not restore corticosterone secretion in the cells exposed to the test toxicants in both species. Our study suggests that the secretory capacity of adrenal cells of amphibians can be impaired by environmental chemicals, especially atrazine in the bullfrog, and that these adrenotoxicants disrupt the enzymatic pathways leading to corticosterone secretion downstream from the step-generating cAMP.

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“…No such changes were reported in rainbow trout following a 12-week whole-body exposure to low CdCl2 concentrations (0.7-6 pg/l of water) (118). Whole-body exposure of the Rana tadpole-a cold-blooded animal-to CdCI2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 ppm for 6 weeks did not affect the number of p+B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, while CdCl2 concentrations four times higher resulted in significantly increased numbers of the p+B lymphocytes (119). Similarly, increased lymphocyte numbers were reported for rats treated orally with 200 or 400 ppm of CdCl2 for 6 months (120).…”

Section: Experimenal Studies Ofcd In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, increased production of specific antibodies to Vibrio anguillarum was noted in the rainbow trout as well as in the antibody levels to SRBC in the Rana tadpoles following whole-body exposure to low levels of CdCl2 (118,119). In mice, doses of 5, 10, or 50 ppm of CdCI2 administered orally for 26 days increased the number of PFC to the hapten-carrier dinitrophenol-Ficoll (DNP-Ficoll) (125); moreover, a dose of 5.9 mg/kg bw administered sc for 7 days increased the number of PFC to the hapten-carrier trinitrophenol-lipopolysaccaride (TNP-LPS) (126).…”

Section: Experimenal Studies Ofcd In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes.

Bernier

Brousseau

Krzystyniak

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Heavy metals including mercury, lead, and cadmium are present throughout the ecosystem and are detectable in small amounts in the Great Lakes water and fish. The main route of exposure of humans to these metals is via the ingestion of contaminated food, especially fish. Extensive experimental investigations indicated that heavy metals alter a number of parameters of the host's immune system and lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and allergic manifestations. The existing limited epidemiologic data and data derived from in vitro systems in which human peripheral blood leukocytes were used suggested that the human immune system may also be at increased risk following exposure to these metals. The magnitude of the risk that the presence of such metals in the Great Lakes may pose to the human immune system, and consequently to their health, is not known. In this review, the available data with respect to potential adverse effects of heavy metals on the immune system of humans and experimental animals are discussed, and additional data requirements are suggested. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 9): 23-34 (1995)

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Effects of prolonged low-level cadmium exposure on the tadpole immune system

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Heavy metal mediated immunomodulation of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura:Ranidae) in urban wetlands

Heavy metal mediated immunomodulation of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura:Ranidae) in urban wetlands

Toxicity of cadmium, endosulfan, and atrazine in adrenal steroidogenic cells of two amphibian species, Xenopus laevis and Rana catesbeiana

Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes.

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